Misfires in cylinders 1 and 4 of the VAZ 2114: let’s look at the problem. Why do misfires occur in the VAZ 2114 cylinders?

Occurrence of misfires

Misfire itself is common in all four-stroke engines, from the oldest to the most modern.
In this regard, they are very often found on any one cylinder, so only 3 cylinders remain in operation. This phenomenon, well known to many drivers, is called a triplet. In this case, the engine operates unevenly, with frequent jerks, and the overall power drops by more than a quarter. In addition to malfunctions on one cylinder, there are also misfires in cylinders 1 and 4 of the VAZ 2114. This situation is much more critical and requires an immediate solution.

If you notice a misfire in your car, you should stop driving it and have repair work done as soon as possible. It is impossible to continue operating such a vehicle without troubleshooting, since initial starting problems can develop into constant jolts caused by fuel detonation and even engine failure.

Speaking about the steps, it is important to note that sometimes motorists mistake completely different malfunctions for ignition system malfunctions, namely:

start the engine due to low fuel level.
easy release of the car after starting in the cold season. This is not caused by ignition errors, but by cylinder wear. After starting, the cold elements of the engine begin to heat up and, as a result, expand. It is these changes in size that cause “trimming”;
intervention of the machine with a strong supply of “gas” to a minimum. This phenomenon is also caused not by poor ignition, but by damage to the cylinder head gasket, which causes a leak;

Therefore, in order to accurately determine the cause of triplets, it is better to carry out a diagnosis - this will help you safely discard false versions and immediately begin troubleshooting.

Basic faults

Due to the extensive accumulated experience in repairing this malfunction, we can identify common factors that are inherent to any units. Common reasons that can lead to misfires in the ignition system:

First of all, the problem may lie in the candles. Increased or decreased clearance, carbon deposits. Low quality candles. Candle with soot
Wiring problem. Mechanical damage. Oily contact.
Damage to the module itself or the ignition coil.
Due to poor quality fuel, the injectors may become clogged.
Compression in the cylinder is broken. Compression dropped
Incorrect adjustment of the gas distribution mechanism.
Air leakage into the fuel system due to various factors. Damage to the intake manifold, wear of the injector rings.
For various reasons, the gap between the cylinder and the piston has decreased.

These are the main factors that are most common.

On cars without a computer, checking and identifying the cause occurs by trying different options.

Once the cause is identified, we move on to repairs. For these works you will need the help of a specialist.

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Misfires on a VAZ 2114: causes, diagnostics, way to set the ignition

There are probably no drivers, especially those with extensive driving experience, who are not aware of such a problem as misfire in the 1st and 4th cylinders of the VAZ 2114. This results in the car shaking and unable to move. In a word, a very unpleasant problem.

Previously, all units had 4 cylinders, and if problems arose with one, the engine, as they said, began to “triple”, running on 3 cylinders.

Today the situation is somewhat different, because units produced today can have up to twelve cylinders. Of course, the phrase “triple the engine” is no longer relevant, but it still remains and is mentioned when the operation of one of the cylinders is interrupted.

The occurrence of misfires on a VAZ 2114 is a real problem that can become a prerequisite for more serious consequences. The car not only shakes, bounces and cannot operate at full capacity. But it also starts with great difficulty; when driving, characteristic popping noises are heard, resulting from the detonation of the combustible mixture in the problem cylinder.

Checking the operation of the cylinders on a VAZ 2114 using computer diagnostics helps to detect many errors. If P0301 appears, it indicates problems in the first case, while P0302 means that ignition problems were detected in the second.

Code 0302 - errors of the second cylinder

The VAZ 2114 electronic control unit constantly monitors the operation of the power unit using sensors.

In this case, the rotation speed of the sensor on the crankshaft and on the involved cylinders is estimated over a certain period of time. In the event of a misfire, the crankshaft speed decreases slightly, and this is determined by the computer.

The cylinder can be turned on after a certain time or after the engine is restarted. It is not possible to turn off more than 2 cylinders at the same time. This is enough to get to the service station and keep the catalyst safe and sound. Previous versions of controllers often experienced errors when recording misfires when driving on bumpy roads. However, now on the VAZ 2114 this problem has been completely solved after installing a road quality sensor.

The difficulty in identifying this malfunction is that misfires are not constant, but appear periodically. It often happens that in cold weather (until the engine warms up) it “troubles”, but after warming up it starts to work normally. This is due to wear on the cylinders, because after heating the metal parts expand and compression is restored.

Often, at idle, the VAZ 2114 power unit works perfectly, but when the load increases, it works and works with noticeable interruptions.

The problem is a burnt-out gasket, as a result of which a leak appears when the pressure in the combustion chamber increases.

It happens that the VAZ 2114 engine coughs a little, and then its operation returns to normal again. In this case, nothing definite can be recommended, since complete control over the power unit is required. The reasons may be different.

The ignition of the VAZ 2114 is diagnosed according to the following scheme: the remote control is turned on; during the test, error P0300 may light up. It means:

faults in the third - P0303;
malfunction in the first - P0301;
problems in the second - P0302;
faults in the fourth - P0304 and so on Error code 0304 - error in the fourth

Common faults

Let us immediately note that the problem with omissions that arise should only be solved at specialized service stations. You can identify the problem cylinder yourself. But after this, you should go to a car service center and, using computer diagnostics and appropriate measures, fix the breakdown.

Diagnostic program

There are several reasons why such a phenomenon as misfires in the ignition system occurs on the VAZ 2114.

Problem candles. If carbon deposits appear on them, the gap decreases or increases, they will not be able to work properly. As a result, there are misfires in the cylinders. Quite often, spark plugs do not work for the simple reason that the car owner decided to save money and buy spark plugs of dubious quality. You should not count on their long service life and reliable operation.
Wiring problems. Here you most often have to deal with wire wear, chafing, and mechanical damage. Sometimes the problem is solved by replacing the wiring. But in some cases, wiring can negatively affect the functionality of the devices it goes to. As a result, both the wiring and the device must be replaced.
Contacts. Contacts may burn out, become covered in oil, or rust. Cleaning them or completely replacing them may help. The second option is preferable in order to reduce the risk of omissions occurring after a short period of time.
Damage to the ignition coil or module. If you have a VAZ 2114 with a 1.6-liter engine, you are dealing with a coil. Owners of the newer version with a 1.5-liter engine are already solving problems with the ignition module. Regardless of this, units often fail and cause leaks. There is no point in repairing them, so it is better to immediately replace them with new ones.
Use of low-grade fuel. The problem for many owners of domestic cars is that they, sometimes unknowingly, doom themselves to constant repair work. A trivial example is the use of cheap gas stations. Low-quality gasoline produces a poor air-fuel mixture, clogs filters, and clogs injectors. This often causes misfires in the cylinders. The right solution is to fix the problem and start using good gas stations. Their gasoline is more expensive, but you will spend many times more money on repairs if you don’t stop refueling with God knows what.
Omissions. They also often occur due to impaired compression in the cylinders. This fault should be checked almost first.
The gas distribution mechanism is not adjusted correctly. Its adjustment will not take much time; the work can be done with your own hands.
Excess air enters the fuel system. This may occur due to damage to the intake manifold, wear of the rings on the injectors and other defects. Therefore, you should check the system for leaks and find sources of air intake.
The gap between the piston and cylinder has decreased. There may be many reasons for this, but you will definitely have to check them if this is the reason.

The essence of eliminating cylinder misfires is to step-by-step check the causes of malfunctions. It could be anything from the list presented, or something rarer. That is why it is better to entrust the work to specialists, since it will take a lot of time to independently check each component of the fuel system and ignition system. Moreover, it is not a fact that you will eventually find the reason for the engine malfunction.

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Diagnostics

To accurately determine the misfire of cylinders 1 and 4 of the VAZ 2114, you need to run computer diagnostics. This is done using a special electronic module inserted into the diagnostic connector. After running the scan, your computer will automatically display the results in the form of special codes corresponding to specific errors.

Therefore, the following codes are provided for misfires:

P0303;
P0301;
P0302;
P0304.

In this case, the last digit of the code corresponds to the number of the faulty cylinder. For example, a misfire in the 1st cylinder of a VAZ 2114 will be designated as P0301 and so on...

Engine operation with misfires

Previously and now, most engines (including approximately those for the VAZ-2114) were equipped with four-cylinder engines, and by the time one of them failed, the car began to behave unstably and the power could decrease upward by up to 25%.

This engine trembles when starting

This behavior of the engine was called the "triplet" engine, popular and famous even today.

Nuances in the misfire problem

If there is a problem such as a misfire in your car, you should not delay solving it, as this can lead to much more serious consequences. Initially innocent and difficult engine starts can turn into extreme moments of engine operation associated with constant detonation of the exhaust system from the non-combustible mixture.

Algorithm for checking elements to eliminate error P0300

Since there are many possible causes for the P0300 code, it is necessary to follow a specific troubleshooting algorithm. Here is a sequence of actions to quickly detect the cause of misfires:

Diagnostics should begin with checking the high-voltage cables. To do this, you need to get a multimeter, set it to measure resistance (Ohms) and measure the values of the wires. If the insulation of high-voltage cables is not broken, after the test the resistance will be about 4-10 kOhm;

The above are the basic steps that most often help find the cause of the P0300 code. When checking the above elements, pay attention to their condition: the presence of soot, traces of mechanical damage, and so on.

It is necessary to determine other possible reasons for the appearance of the P0300 code, depending on what other errors the scanner indicates during diagnosis. That is, if the oxygen sensor fails, in addition to P0300, error P0134 or P0130 may occur. Try to eliminate other errors that are diagnosed along with P0300, this may resolve it immediately.

A stuck EGR valve is also a possible cause of the P0300 code. When diagnosing your vehicle, check the long-term fuel trim value for a specific cylinder. It should differ from the ideal value (which can be found in the literature on servicing a specific car model) by no more than 1-3% in both directions. If the deviation is 7% or more, additional air intake occurs.
Inspect the intake manifold gasket. If it is badly worn, it will need to be replaced;

SIGNS AND REASONS OF “ADJUSTMENT”

Engine trouble: what is it, and what are the signs to identify this malfunction? You can understand that the internal combustion engine is malfunctioning by the following signs:

At idle speed, the engine operates unevenly, jerking periodically;
The car does not develop the required power when driving;
The car drives jerkily, when you press the gas pedal, there are gaps in operation;
The exhaust from the muffler is uneven, with interruptions, pops and shots are possible;
Fuel consumption increases.

Increased fuel consumption hurts your pocket Reasons: There are many reasons why the engine misfires. There are such nuances that even experienced technicians do not immediately determine the nature of the malfunction. But the most common cylinder failures are the following (starting with the elementary ones):

The candle does not work;
The high-voltage wire is broken;
The ignition coil has failed;
The control unit is faulty;
There is an air leak in the intake manifold;
Exhaust valve burnt out;
The cylinder head gasket is broken;
The compression rings on the piston are broken,
The piston itself has burned out, or the bridge on the piston between the compression rings has burst.

This article is about the VAZ 2114 car, so carburetor malfunctions are not considered, since this device was not installed on the 2114 model. This brand of car has a fuel system with distributed injection (injector), and the answer to the question of why the engine stalls may be hidden in this system.

Checking the set ignition

To check the ignition on an 8-valve engine, one injector should be prepared:

Multimeter.
Set of wrenches and screwdrivers.
Pliers (always with insulated handles).

The process looks like this:

Remove the unit from the module, connect a multimeter (control mode should be low AC) to pins C and B, make sure there is voltage. Check the coil (2nd and 4th pin).
With the ignition off, check how tight the high-voltage wires are and what contact is in the module.

Check the power supply to the ignition module

Check the condition of high-voltage cables. Install a working spark plug into each cap in turn, attach one end to the block and start the engine with the starter. The presence of a spark signals that everything is normal. Its absence on each wire means that the module is faulty.

Checking high voltage cables

If you were able to set the ignition correctly on the VAZ model and this was confirmed by the test, but you still observe problems, then you need to check the fuel system.

Online consultation

Codes P0300 and P0304 are entered if:

— the engine is running; — the crankshaft speed of the N40 engine is in the range of 720...4600 rpm; — the system performs misfire recognition diagnostics (B_LUSTOP= “No”); — the uneven rotation of the crankshaft measured by the controller exceeds the threshold; — there are no fault codes P0201...P0204, P0261, P0262, P0264, P0265, P0267, P0268, P0270, P0271, P0336. If the system detects misfires that lead to an increase in exhaust gas toxicity, the malfunction indicator lamp lights up after 2 drive cycles. If the system detects a misfire leading to damage to the catalytic converter, the malfunction indicator lamp begins to flash immediately after the fault code is entered into the controller's memory. In order to protect the catalytic converter, the fuel supply may be turned off to those cylinders in which misfires have been recorded. Description of checks: 1. The presence of a permanent fault is checked. 2

It is necessary to use a spark gap (spark tester), as it is important to determine whether there is sufficient secondary voltage at the spark plug (more than 22,000 V). 3

If carbon tracks are present, replace the ignition module and check the condition of the high-voltage wires. Diagnostic information:

If misfires are intermittent, you need to check for the following faults: - unreliable grounding of the controller. Check that the injection system wires are securely connected to the cylinder block. Make sure that the contacts are not contaminated;

- air leak. Check the intake system after the mass air flow sensor for air leaks. Make sure that the vacuum hoses are connected securely and are not damaged; — malfunction of fuel supply system elements. A clogged fuel filter and a malfunction of the electric fuel pump can lead to a lean air-fuel mixture. In addition, it is necessary to check the balance of the injectors; — malfunction of ignition system elements. Check for wetness, cracks, wear, abnormal spark gap width, damage to the electrodes or large deposits on the spark plugs (if the mileage of the spark plugs on the car exceeds 30,000 km, they must be replaced). Check the high-voltage wires and the ignition module housing for damage; — weakening of the DPKV fastening; — strong (more than 0.4 mm) radial runout of the damper rim (drive disk). Misfire may occur briefly when starting a cold engine at a coolant temperature below 10°C due to dirty spark plugs. After the engine warms up, the misfires disappear.

Let's figure out how to set the ignition on a VAZ 2114 correctly

The first cars in this series were produced with a contactless ignition system, and an electronic one appeared only later. Due to the fact that throughout its history the car has been equipped in different ways, before setting the ignition on the VAZ 2114, you need to find out what it is.

Ignition systems of the 8-valve injection VAZ-2114

You can determine the type of ignition by looking under the hood:

If you find a switch near the “heart” of your car (analogous to a distributor installed on contact systems), it means that your car belongs to the first series, and the ignition of the VAZ 2114 injector on it is non-contact, based on the switch-distributor block. The ignition in such systems is adjusted by gradually turning the distributor, and the results of the work depend on the experience of the performer and the availability of special equipment. Then, using a strobe light, you can debug the system exactly as the car owner wants.
If this part is missing, your car belongs to the tenth family and is equipped with an electronic ignition system. It cannot be installed manually and its operation is completely controlled by the ECU. However, it is not completely unregulated, because by connecting to the on-board computer, some of its parameters can be reconfigured to your liking, but only a few specialists know how to do this correctly.

What can multiple misfires lead to?

Single misfires are just a signal to the owner of a VAZ 2114 about problems with the engine.

Numerous accidents have the following consequences:

As a result of misfires, unburnt fuel will enter the catalytic gas reduction system. Because of this, the converter overheats and fails.
With repeated passes, some of the gasoline will enter the lubrication system through the walls of the idle cylinder. Oil diluted with gasoline will lose its properties and will not be able to provide high-quality lubrication of loaded engine elements.
All of these factors can lead to engine failure and the need for costly repairs.

Consequences of incorrectly setting timing marks

If the ignition is set incorrectly, the following negative aspects are possible:

If the engine has 16 valves, then they become deformed or bent during operation, accumulating damage.
The previous problem causes damage to the cylinder head.
The guide bushings may also become unusable.
Cracks may appear in other engine components.

Crack in the cylinder block

The motor overheats.
The engine piston mechanism can burn out.
Oil residue may appear on the spark plugs.

Oil deposits on spark plugs

The fuel mixture loses its ignition moment.

After repairs, the following factors most often indicate an incorrectly set ignition:

The car accelerates worse.
Frequent overheating of the motor.
The craving became much worse.

How to fix the problem?

The way to eliminate problems that arise is to replace damaged or worn parts.

It is better to correct such defects in a specialized service, where they will first find out the cause of the problem.

Some causes of misfires in the VAZ 2114 can be found and eliminated yourself:

If gaps and error 300 appear on the computer screen, you need to unscrew all the spark plugs, check the gap between the electrodes and see how much carbon is present on their surface. In case of module errors 0301, 0302, etc., you must carefully monitor the condition of the spark plug in this cylinder.
It is necessary to visually inspect the wires going to the spark plugs; if cracks are found on the surface, they should be replaced with new ones.
Check the condition of the camshaft drive belt and the alignment of the marks on it. If the phases are violated, it is necessary to adjust the gas distribution system.
Check the compression, which should not be lower than 10 and not higher than 14 bar and should not have a spread across the cylinders higher than 1 bar. If the pressure is low, it is necessary to check the valve clearance adjustment.
View games with valves. Sometimes when adjusting, the gaps are set incorrectly and the drain valves do not close completely. Check and adjust distances every 20 thousand km, and when using gas as fuel - after 10 thousand km.
If misfires occur in different cylinders under different operating conditions of the unit, the ignition module must be replaced.

Sources

https://AlanSpb.ru/tehservis/propuski-v-cilindrah-vaz-2114-prichina.html
https://AccBook.ru/to-avto/propuski-zazhiganiya-vaz-2114-inzhektor-8.html
https://avtonomnaya-gazifikaciya.ru/obsluzhivanie/propuski-v-cilindrah-vaz-2114-prichina.html
https://carfrance.ru/mnozhestvennye-propuski-zazhiganiya-vaz-2114/
https://TrueScooters.ru/tehservis/propuski-zazhiganiya-vaz.html
https://provaz2114.ru/elektrika/pochemu-byvayut-mnozhestvennye-propuski-zazhiganiya-na-vaz-2114.html
https://auto-nix.ru/snyatie-i-zamena/propuski-zazhiganiya-na-vaz-2114-prichiny-diagnostika-sposob-vystavit-zazhiganie.html
https://pilot-avto77.ru/remont/propuski-zazhiganiya-v-1-cilindre-vaz-2114.html

Common faults

There are several reasons why such a phenomenon as misfires in the ignition system occurs on the VAZ 2114.

Problem candles. If carbon deposits appear on them, the gap decreases or increases, they will not be able to work properly. As a result, there are misfires in the cylinders. Quite often, spark plugs do not work for the simple reason that the car owner decided to save money and buy spark plugs of dubious quality. You should not count on their long service life and reliable operation.
Wiring problems. Here you most often have to deal with wire wear, chafing, and mechanical damage. Sometimes the problem is solved by replacing the wiring. But in some cases, wiring can negatively affect the functionality of the devices it goes to. As a result, both the wiring and the device must be replaced.
Contacts. Contacts may burn out, become covered in oil, or rust. Cleaning them or completely replacing them may help. The second option is preferable in order to reduce the risk of omissions occurring after a short period of time.
Damage to the ignition coil or module. If you have a VAZ 2114 with a 1.6-liter engine, you are dealing with a coil. Owners of the newer version with a 1.5-liter engine are already solving problems with the ignition module. Regardless of this, units often fail and cause leaks. There is no point in repairing them, so it is better to immediately replace them with new ones.
Use of low-grade fuel. The problem for many owners of domestic cars is that they, sometimes unknowingly, doom themselves to constant repair work. A trivial example is the use of cheap gas stations. Low-quality gasoline produces a poor air-fuel mixture, clogs filters, and clogs injectors. This often causes misfires in the cylinders. The right solution is to fix the problem and start using good gas stations. Their gasoline is more expensive, but you will spend many times more money on repairs if you don’t stop refueling with God knows what.
Omissions. They also often occur due to impaired compression in the cylinders. This fault should be checked almost first.
The gas distribution mechanism is not adjusted correctly. Its adjustment will not take much time; the work can be done with your own hands.
Excess air enters the fuel system. This may occur due to damage to the intake manifold, wear of the rings on the injectors and other defects. Therefore, you should check the system for leaks and find sources of air intake.
The gap between the piston and cylinder has decreased. There may be many reasons for this, but you will definitely have to check them if this is the reason.