Dpkv VAZ 2112 16 valves signs of malfunction

Small sensors in a car's electronic system play a vital role. If some of them malfunction, it is not at all possible to start the engine, but even if the motor runs, its main technical indicators will show a significant difference in the nominal values. A malfunction of the VAZ 2112 16 valve crankshaft sensor can significantly reduce the “quality of life” of the internal combustion engine. More details about the main symptoms of a malfunction, methods of diagnosis and repair in a garage will be discussed in detail in this article.

Features of injection systems

The injection system operates thanks to a sensor system and a control unit. All signals are input to the microprocessor unit, which regulates the operation of the actuators. The following sensors are responsible for the correct operation of the engine:

Crankshaft positions.
Camshaft positions (not on all versions).
Intake manifold pressure.
Lambda probe.
Speed.
Mass air flow.
Throttle position.

And the main role is played by the VAZ-2110 crankshaft sensor (8 valves or 16), since the moment of injection and supply of high voltage to the spark plug electrodes depends on it. The design has a temperature sensor, but it has virtually no effect on operation. It is necessary to control the engine temperature and send a signal to the dial indicator (or to the on-board computer). But it will be indispensable if it is necessary to implement automatic switching of fuel types (from gasoline to gas and back).

Algorithm of operation of the injection system

The microprocessor has several inputs and outputs. The inputs receive signals from all sensors. But first, these signals are converted and, if necessary, amplified. The microcontroller is programmed to work with sensors and actuators. Programs (firmware) can provide various engine characteristics.

You can achieve an increase in power (gasoline consumption will increase) or a decrease in consumption (power will suffer). But most motorists prefer programs that provide work with average parameters. In this case, the signal from the VAZ-2110 crankshaft position sensor does not change; only the reaction of the actuators to changes in input data is adjusted.

A little about the crankshaft

The crankshaft is the most important element of any internal combustion engine. It is driven by the starter (at the moment of starting) and the pistons (in operating mode). From it, torque is transmitted to the gearbox, gas distribution system, and auxiliary mechanisms. And in order for fuel injection to be carried out in a timely manner, a spark to form at the right moment, a VAZ-2110 crankshaft sensor is needed.

It monitors the position of the pulley and transmits a signal to the electronic control unit. The pulley has teeth, the distance between them is the same. But in one place there is a gap - two teeth are missing. The position sensor reacts to the approach of metal. When an empty area passes near the sensor, a signal is generated - the control unit is notified that one revolution of the crankshaft has occurred.

What happens if the sensor breaks?

If the VAZ-2110 crankshaft sensor fails, symptoms characteristic of its failure will appear. If the device breaks down completely, the engine will stop immediately, since the following processes will not be performed:

Complete absence of signals to the ignition module. Sparking does not occur when the crankshaft is cranked by the starter.
The flow of gasoline into the ramp completely disappears or slows down.
The control unit fails - it stops producing signals necessary for the normal functioning of the engine.

Sometimes the active surface of the sensor simply becomes clogged. In this case, it is enough to clean the dirt. But if the cause of the breakdown lies in the device itself, then you only need to change it completely.

Main symptoms of breakdowns

But if the device has not completely failed, but is only showing signs of breakdown, you will see it immediately. A light will light up on the instrument panel to indicate engine errors.

This will be accompanied by the following signs:

Unstable idle.
Reduced traction characteristics of the vehicle.
Spontaneous change in engine speed.
Difficulty starting the engine.
The presence of pops in the intake manifold.

If such symptoms are present, you need to replace the VAZ-2110 crankshaft position sensor. It is located near the oil pump cover, next to the generator drive pulley.

How to independently replace the crankshaft sensor on a VAZ 2112 car

Required materials and tools:

key to “10”;
head, knob;
rags;
additional lighting as needed;
new DPKV;
flat head screwdriver.

We place the car on the inspection channel, secure the wheels with wheel chocks, and squeeze the parking brake;
from the end of the engine, in the area where the oil pump is located, use a screwdriver to pry up the block with terminals, remove it, and move it to the side;
Unscrew the screw (to “10”) - the clamp from the sensor;
remove the controller;
We carry out troubleshooting of the seat, wipe it, clean it from residual dust and dirt;
insert a new controller;
screw it in and assemble the structure in reverse order.

DIY replacement completed.

Recommendations for servicing the controller

strictly comply with the car manufacturer's regulations;
do not violate the terms of technical inspection;
buy and install mainly original parts;
Carry out installation work yourself if you have sufficient experience.

The average service life of the DPKV is 70,000 km or more.

Source

Sensor diagnostic methods

Regardless of how you check the device, you will have to remove it completely. To do this, you need to make marks on the crankcase so that later the new sensor can be installed correctly. The device is unscrewed using the key to “10”. When installing, be sure to maintain a gap between the active part of the sensor and the sync disk - it should be from 0.6 to 1.5 mm.

First, perform a visual inspection of the device - if it has mechanical damage, scratches, or dents, it is recommended to replace it. But if there are no external signs of damage, you will have to carry out diagnostics with an ohmmeter or voltmeter. Of course, if a diagnostic scanner is available, it will show you a crankshaft position sensor error. But only an error can appear when the wiring is broken.

Procedure for replacing the crankshaft sensor on a 16-valve engine

If your car has at least one of the listed symptoms, you should remove this sensor as follows:

First of all, turn off the ignition and look for the sensor.

The sensor is marked with a red marker.

Disconnect the block carefully so as not to break off the fasteners.

If there is corrosion, replace the unscrewed bolt with a new one.

The sensor has been removed and you can begin inspecting it.

Buy a new sensor only after the old one has been tested for functionality.

Source

How to check a sensor with an ohmmeter

In this way you measure the winding of the device. To do this, switch the multimeter to resistance measurement mode and carry out diagnostics. Sensor manufacturers set a certain range of resistance values - 550-750 Ohms.

Therefore, if you go beyond this range, you can talk about a breakdown of the sensor. But it should be noted that sensor manufacturers allow a slight deviation from the lower and upper limits. But for a small value - no more than 10%.

Features of testing on other cars

As for other cars, for example, VAZ-2109 with an injection engine, VAZ-2112 and VAZ-2114, their check is carried out identically to the VAZ-2110 car.

It is noteworthy that for VAZs, when checking the resistance of the crankshaft sensor coil, an additional check can be carried out.

But to do this, the multimeter must be switched to voltmeter mode with a measurement limit of 200 mV.

Then connect the probes to the DPKV terminals and pass them with any metal object, for example, a screwdriver, at a short distance from the core.

If the sensor is working properly, it will react to metal, the multimeter will show voltage surges on the display. The absence of these bursts will indicate a faulty element.

As for a car like the Reno Logan, the difference from the VAZ in this car comes down to slightly different readings of the resistance of the sensor coil when measured with an ohmmeter.

A working Logan DPKV has a normal resistance of 200-270 Ohms.

For Daewoo Lanos, the coil resistance should be in the range of 500-600 Ohms.

But on the ZMZ-406 engine, installed on Volga and Gazelle cars, the normal coil resistance is in the range of 850-900 Ohms.

Design and functions of DPKV

This vehicle unit allows you to adjust the fuel injection system of your vehicle. In addition, the DPKV is responsible for the synchronization of the functioning of each of the fuel injectors and the entire ignition system of the car. The crankshaft position sensor device has the following elements:

Sample of a nylon frame;
Steel magnetic cores;
Winding kit for which thin copper wire is used;
Wiring insulation (usually resin or enamel is used).

The main purpose of this position sensor is to create synchronized operation in the ignition system and when operating a set of fuel injectors. If this spare part malfunctions, unstable operation occurs during fuel supply. Additionally, your engine may suddenly stop running at full speed, causing wear on the valves and cylinders.

How does the fuel system receive the signal from the sensor?

While the sensor is operating, the on-board computer (microcontroller inside the car) determines the specific position of the piston at a certain moment of its operation in each of the cylinders. To regulate operation using a sensor, the process is built according to the following plan:

The crankshaft has a special gear in which 2 teeth are specially omitted.
When the crankshaft moves, all the teeth pass next to the DPKV sensor, greatly distorting the state of its magnetic field.
As a result, pulses are generated in the inductance coil of this device, which are sent to the on-board computer database. In this case, the missing 2 teeth are the starting or zero point, thanks to which the computer determines the initial position of the shaft.
Next, the computer inside the car counts the number of pulses sent by the device and determines the position of the crankshaft in each period of time.
After this, the return signal is sent by the computer to the sensor responsible for triggering the fuel injector, which already supplies fuel to the ignition system.

Thus, if the DPKV works correctly, the car will operate at the highest performance, while consuming a minimum of fuel.

Advice: the electrical diagram on the VAZ-2110 will easily help you find out the cause of the sensor malfunction. It shows the location and combination of all elements of the car.

Comprehensive check for Opel Vectra B

Now let's take another car and use it to consider the last of the verification methods - comprehensive.

This test is much better than with a conventional multimeter, but in terms of accuracy it is not as accurate as an oscilloscope.

The problem car will now be the Opel Vectra B. We leave the symptoms the same.

The initial work is also no different from the VAZ-2110: the sensor is removed, inspected, thoroughly washed, and only after that you can start checking the condition.

But for a comprehensive check you will need more equipment:

Multimeter;
Megaohmmeter;
A device for measuring inductance. It is better to carry out all measurements in a heated room so that the readings are correct.

First, the coil resistance is measured, as described above. Resistance readings must be within the range specified in the technical documentation.

The next check is to measure the winding inductance, for which a device is used to measure it. A working DPKV inductance should be in the range of 200-400 mH.

The devices are pictured below.

The insulation resistance is also checked with a megohmmeter. When a voltage of 500 V is applied, the resistance value of the sensor should be no more than 20 MΩ.

Based on these measurements, it is determined whether the DPKV is working or requires replacement.

Photos of the devices are below.

Where is the crankshaft position sensor located?

This component is located in a bracket, which is installed in the central area of the pulley on the generator drive. As a rule, on most modern cars it is not installed end-to-end, but with a gap of 1-1.5 mm near the structure of the toothed pulley itself.

For ease of disconnecting and adjusting the DPKV, a 50-70 cm wire is connected to it, which has the necessary connectors for keys. To align and adjust the position, you only need to adjust the washer secured above the seat of the element itself. Adjusting the washer can be done either by you yourself or by specialists at a car service center - in any case, it will allow you to avoid early breakdown of the engine cylinders and significantly reduce fuel consumption.

Crankshaft position sensor

Crankshaft position sensor location

If a malfunction occurs in the crankshaft sensor, the vehicle’s on-board computer is unable to set a number of characteristics necessary for the operation of the ignition system:

Calculate the amount of fuel required for injection;
Determine the right moment for injection;
Change the angle of rotation of the camshaft;
Determine whether ignition has occurred or not (relevant for gasoline engines).

Advice: problems with ignition affect the operation of all systems of the car. Often, after the fuel system, the steering rack on the VAZ-2114 begins to break down.

Reasons for failure of the DPKV

In order to ensure the longest possible operation of the new part after replacing the sensor, you need to know about the reasons that most often cause failure of the DPKV.

This category of vehicle states and operating modes includes:

Mechanical damage.
Dirt, sand or metal shavings get inside.
DPKV breakage due to crankshaft teeth.
Short circuits in the car's electrical wiring.

In addition to the reasons listed, the sensor may not work due to manufacturing defects or errors during repair and installation operations.

Main symptoms of DPKV malfunction

The main signs of problems with the crankshaft position sensor:

The process of “detonating” the engine (a characteristic knocking sound appears when the hydraulic compensators are operating) during a greater load on the car, when driving onto high mountain surfaces at low speeds.
The engine runs unstably - a sharp drop in rpm at idle is followed by an equally sharp increase. Also, your car may simply stall when idling, both while driving on the highway or when stopped for a while, for example, at a traffic light.
The engine does not gain speed, although it is running at full power.
The motor power periodically drops and rises in the absence of any external factors influencing this process.
The aerodynamic characteristics of the car are significantly reduced.
Problems arise when starting the engine (it stalls quickly or does not start at all).
The spark disappears when the system is ignited - it either does not appear or may be completely absent.

If you find at least 3 of the above symptoms, then the problem lies in the crankshaft position sensor.

Tip: the indicated list of faults may also indicate the occurrence of other problems during engine operation. For example, sudden changes in engine power and a decrease in speed may indicate a blockage in the fuel pump itself. That is why before repairs it is necessary to diagnose not only the engine, but also the same wheels. You can see what pressure indicators should be according to the standards in the tire pressure table.

Signs of sensor problems

The crankshaft speed meter is considered a fairly reliable device, functioning properly for 100 thousand km or more. There are often cases when an element lasts the entire service life of the car. A crankshaft sensor malfunction may occur for the following reasons:

An internal break or short circuit of the coil winding occurs due to prolonged exposure to vibration transmitted from the engine. Such a breakdown is very rare.
Open circuit between the device and the controller. The reasons are the same vibration, melting of conductors from contact with hot parts of the engine, or accidental damage by a car enthusiast.
Mechanical destruction of the body occurs during repairs carried out in the engine compartment. For example, being hit by a broken wrench.
Loss of contact in the connector due to oxidation or loosening.
Contamination of the working surface interacting with the toothed pulley.

The last item on the list requires a separate explanation. It is common knowledge that electromagnetic fields penetrate dielectric materials, including dust and dirt. But at the location of the sensor, small metal particles and chips flying from gears are added to traditional contaminants. When they hit the end of the core, they shield the magnetic field, causing the electrical pulse to gradually weaken.

How a car owner can identify the symptoms of a sensor malfunction:

When the element completely fails, the engine stalls and does not show signs of “life” during subsequent attempts to start, since the controller does not “see” the position of the crankshaft. A broken electrical circuit gives a similar result.
Unstable operation at idle. The engine speed “jumps” and vibration of the power unit is observed.
Loss of power from the power unit, failures during acceleration.
Increased consumption of gasoline or diesel fuel.

How can I check the serviceability of the DPKV?

Nowadays, the most popular are 3 methods, which are carried out quickly and provide information about the performance of the sensor with high accuracy.

Diagnostics of the crankshaft position sensor with an ohmmeter

When measuring the resistance of a winding set on a sensor, you can use a special device - an ohmmeter (or in other words, a multimeter). When checking, the device should show a value in the range of 550-750 Ohms.

Testing process - the resistance of the coil in the inductive sensor is measured. If the coil on the sensor is damaged, then first of all the damage will be reflected in the resistance value. That is why, at the beginning of the diagnosis, the required range is set and the correct operation of the element is checked using probes.

This type of check is basic and most elementary, but it cannot give 100% confidence in the serviceability of the spare part.

Tips and tricks

In the process of performing diagnostic and repair work, an inexperienced technician may make serious mistakes that will negatively affect both the performance of the part itself and other devices and assemblies of the machine. To protect yourself from such troubles, it is recommended to adhere to the following recommendations:

When performing repair work, you should stop smoking. When removing the sensor, a certain amount of lubricating fluid may appear, which is a highly flammable substance.
When measuring resistance, the multimeter must be switched to the appropriate operating mode. Some modes that can be used to determine this parameter of an electrical circuit are also not suitable. For example, when the toggle switch is set to a resistance measurement range of up to 200 Ohms, the nominal value of DPKV (500–700 Ohms) will be outside its limits, which will lead to false positive results in determining the malfunction of this part.
If the DPKV fails due to severe contamination, then the new part may also not last very long. To significantly increase the service life of the DPKV, it is recommended to eliminate oil leaks, which can cover all parts within a short period of time. This film, like a magnet, attracts dust and dirt.
You should only purchase a new part from a reputable dealer. Failure of the DPKV due to manufacturing defects is a fairly common reason if the sensor is purchased on specialized markets. An indirect sign of a low-quality spare part is its cost. Typically, counterfeit spare parts are sold 2-3 times cheaper compared to original products.
When replacing a sensor, the wires must be properly connected to it. If this is not done, the connector may become separated from the contacts when driving on a bumpy road, which will lead to the cessation of impulses from the DPKV to the vehicle's ECU.

How to check the crankshaft sensor of a VAZ 2112 is described in detail in this article. If you fix the breakdown strictly according to the instructions, then even an inexperienced person can handle this work. If you have doubts about your own abilities, you should not risk the “health” of the car. The work of replacing the DPKV is carried out by many specialized service stations, is relatively inexpensive and does not require significant time expenditure.

Video: checking the crankshaft position sensor

So what kind of Sensor is this? Now let's try to figure it out.

The crankshaft position sensor (CPS) provides the ECU (electronic engine control unit) with information about the angular position of the crankshaft and the moment the pistons of the 1st and 4th cylinders pass TDC. If the sensor malfunctions, problems with engine operation occur. Let's consider the appointment, testing and replacement of DPKV.

What does the crankshaft sensor do?

DPKV synchronizes the phases of fuel injection and pulse supply to ignite the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber. In other words, based on its readings, the controller determines when and into which cylinder the fuel mixture should be supplied.

The sensor is of the inductive type and reacts to the passage of the teeth of the drive disk on the generator drive pulley near its core. The teeth are located on the disk at 6° intervals. To synchronize with TDC, two teeth out of 60 are cut off, forming a cavity. When a depression passes by the sensor, a so-called “reference” synchronization pulse is generated in it.

Signs of a faulty crankshaft sensor.

A completely faulty DPKV will not allow the engine to start. In other cases, sensor malfunctions can be identified by: - poor engine starting; — unstable operation of the motor; — reduction in engine power; — detonation with increasing load.

Where is the crankshaft sensor located?

It is installed on the oil pump cover.

Replacing the crankshaft position sensor VAZ 2110

To remove the crankshaft position sensor you will need a 10mm wrench. Procedure: Turn off the ignition and disconnect the sensor connector. Unscrew the sensor mounting bolt using a 10mm wrench. Remove the DPKV from the oil pump cover bracket.

Installation is carried out in reverse order. DPKV catalog number: 2112-3847010.

How to check the crankshaft position sensor with your own hands.

Checking the crankshaft position sensor comes down to checking the resistance of the windings. If the readings of the device (ohmmeter) differ from 550-570 Ohms, then the crankshaft sensor is faulty. If the crankshaft position sensor error does not disappear, then you should clean the sensor from dirt and check the integrity of the wire and the quality of the connections in the circuit. The crankshaft position sensor cannot be repaired.

Good luck to everyone on the roads!

Performing a check

You can determine the serviceability of (DPKV) in several ways. Each method requires the use of special devices. Most often, three main methods are used to check the performance of the crankshaft speed controller, let's look at them in order:

Listening to the advice of professionals, before checking it is always necessary to remove it by unscrewing the fastener of the VAZ 2112 crankshaft sensor, do not forget to fix its initial position on the engine with marks
Everyone understands that it is necessary to inspect it after removal
Visual inspection makes it possible to detect external damage on it
And understand the condition of its contact block and the core of the contacts themselves
Dirt should be removed from it using alcohol or gasoline.
The contacts at the crankshaft controller must be clean
During the removal process, it is necessary to clearly mark the distance from the controller core to the synchronization disk
Typically it varies from 0.6 millimeters to 1.5 millimeters
If there are no visible problems, you need to move on to identifying hidden problems in the electrical circuit of this device

Diagnostics using an ohmmeter

To measure the resistance of the crankshaft controller winding, you can use an ohmmeter (multimeter):

A normally operating controller will show values ranging from 550 Ohms to 750 Ohms
This test with a multimeter consists of measuring the resistance of the controller inductor
If the coil is damaged, the sensor characteristics are displayed on the resistance first
We set the required range and check the resistance with tester probes at the terminals
This check is the simplest and most basic, so it does not give 100% confidence in the correctness of the diagnosis.
In order not to doubt the actions being performed, carefully study the instructions included with your car before starting work.
If the obtained measurement indicators do not fit into the declared interval, then it is necessary to replace the crankshaft speed controller

The second method of checking the performance of the DPKV is more labor-intensive and to implement it, you will need the following devices:

Megger
Inductance meter
Network transformer
Digital voltmeter

For the reliability of the obtained indicators, the air temperature is important, preferably 20-22 degrees, we do the following:

We measure the winding resistance with an ohmmeter, as before
Then we move on to checking the winding inductance using a special meter
The inductance of a working meter is in the range of 200-400 MegaHertz
Next, we’ll use a megger and move on to checking the insulation resistance
At a voltage of 500 Volts, this parameter should not exceed 20 MegaOhm
If accidental magnetization of the synchronization disk occurs during sensor repair, then you should definitely demagnetize it using a network transformer
Having analyzed all the data obtained as a result of these measurements, we can draw a conclusion about the performance of the crankshaft controller or the need to replace it
When installing a new or old device in its place, do not forget to pay very close attention to the marks left during dismantling, remember the need for a distance of 0.5-1.5 millimeters from the controller core to the synchronization disk

DPKV check diagram

The third method of checking the crankshaft speed controller is the most accurate of all and is used, as a rule, at professional stations
Since it requires an oscilloscope and a special program
This method does not require removing the device from the engine.
Since it allows you to see the signal formation on the screen
Therefore, the presence of a digital oscilloscope helps specialists to effectively identify various problems that have arisen in the injection system

Diagnostics with an oscilloscope

The third method is not available to everyone, since oscilloscopes are not available everywhere and not everyone can be satisfied with the price:

To get correct readings, you need to take the black clamp of the oscilloscope, the so-called “crocodile”, and connect it to the ground of the motor of the machine being tested
The probe probe is installed parallel to the signal output of the sensor (controller connector - terminal A)
And the second connector of the probe from the oscilloscope must be connected to the analog input No. 5USB of AutoscopeII
These actions must be performed in order to see on the screen voltage oscillograms at the input of the crankshaft position controller
Then you need to enable the oscillogram display mode called “InductiveCrankshaft”
Only now can you start the car
When it is impossible to start the engine, then it is necessary to rotate the engine with the starter
If the signal from the crankshaft position controller is received, but the signal output parameters do not match the nominal ones. Then the car may twitch, and it may be difficult to start its engine, failures
Violations of the characteristics of the outgoing signal from the crankshaft controller indicate existing malfunctions of either the controller itself or the drive disk and possible breakage of the teeth
The true assumption about the nature of the malfunction becomes clear when considering the waveform on the oscillogram of the voltage pulses, which are recorded at the output of the crankshaft position controller

And so you have become familiar with all three possible methods for checking the crankshaft controller (sensor):

Using an Ohmmeter (measuring winding resistance);
Using a tester (checking insulation resistance and inductance);
Using an oscilloscope

It is up to you to decide which methods to check according to your capabilities. The main thing is to be objective in obtaining results, careful and very attentive when checking