How hard should you tighten the spark plugs?

Author:

Maxim Markov

Greetings, friends! Tell me, where have you seen an ordinary domestic driver screw in the spark plug correctly, as the installation instructions advise? To be honest, I myself started to worry about this a relatively short time ago. Then, when I learned the possible consequences of poor-quality installation, I immediately changed my approach to this matter! Remember, the tightening torque of the spark plugs plays a key role in the efficiency of the part; its incorrect value can easily destroy not only the spark plug itself, but also the engine! I strongly recommend that you pay attention to such a trifle; believe me, you shouldn’t listen to ignorant drivers who will try to prove the opposite to you! No matter how you feel the key, tightening it by eye is not an option!

Main reasons to follow the recommendations

It turns out that all these drawings on packages of spark plugs are far from comics, and not diagrams for nerds. You can’t ignore them, otherwise don’t be surprised if the part starts to act up! You probably noticed that there is a washer on the threaded part, but have you ever thought about its purpose? According to manufacturers, this metal ring plays a vital role in the process of removing heat from the part. And if the tightening is weak, the candle will not work stably!

And this is just the beginning! More than 90% of breakdowns occur precisely due to improper installation. A low tightening torque leads not only to overheating of the spark plug, but also to loss of compression of the power unit. As a result, vibration appears, which can damage the central electrode or insulator.

However, you should also never overdo it; pharmacy precision is needed here! Otherwise, it is likely that the annular gap between the glow tube and the steel body will narrow, the spark plug will overheat and fail forever, and may even fire. A deformed body and cracked ceramics also indicate that the spark plugs were not installed professionally! And you don’t even have to ask how to calcinate the spark plugs, in this situation it’s pointless!

Instructions for tightening cylinder head bolts

Tightening torque of wheel bolts VAZ 2107

The next tightening of the cylinder head must be carried out during each routine repair or maintenance of the power unit (change of oil or consumables). It is mandatory to carry out the procedure after intervention in the internal combustion engine structure, and additional tightening after 500-700 kilometers. It is not recommended and there is no need to climb into the mechanism anymore. After full tightening, the bolts sit firmly in their sockets and do not loosen due to vibration. Otherwise, leaks or burnout of the cylinder head gasket may occur, which can lead to major repairs.

Modern motors manufactured after 2010 do not require periodic tightening of the studs due to the updating of the device and mechanism.

Correct installation of the spark plug

In one of my previous publications, I already told you everything about replacing spark plugs, but, to be honest, I kept silent about how much force you need to apply when tightening them. I’ll fix this problem right now, armed with just two tools (a regular spark plug and a torque wrench), you can get started.

Make sure the outside of the spark plug is clean to prevent debris from getting into the engine.
Check if the sealing washer is in place!
Place the spark plug vertically and use a spark plug wrench to tighten it to the limit by hand.
Afterwards, special equipment comes into play, that is, a torque wrench, with its help the tightening torque and angle of rotation are adjusted according to the table, which is located slightly below.

Denso spark plugs are installed in this way; in principle, the same rules must be followed in the case of any similar part, regardless of the brand of manufacture! The only exception concerns the issue of thread lubrication; some companies recommend it; Denso, on the contrary, is opposed to such prevention. The choice is explained simply - the presence of lubricant leads to excessive tightening, and this is extremely undesirable!

When asked what can be used to lubricate the spark plugs before installing them, I answered with graphite lubricant, naturally coated with a thin layer. As you can see, everything is quite simple, the main thing is to have a torque wrench and a table of recommended values. I provided the diagram, all you have to do is get the tool!

Is it possible to properly tighten cylinder head threaded connections without a torque wrench?

Features of the torque wrench device and how to work with it
Tightening threaded connections in the absence of the appropriate equipment is absolutely not worth it for car enthusiasts who decide to independently change the head gasket or grind the valves.

But even experienced specialists tighten the cylinder head bolts on expensive brands of passenger cars with a torque wrench, because this operation directly affects the longevity of the power unit. In an emergency situation, when it is not possible to use a torque wrench, you can use the option with a mechanical or electronic cantor. In the video below, an experienced mechanic explains to viewers how to properly tighten a cylinder head without a key. It is worth keeping in mind that the correctness of the work should be checked using a protractor.

Video: how to check the tightness of the cylinder head

Tightening the cylinder head bolts on used cars is a responsible, difficult, and specific task. Responsible, because the normal and long-lasting operation of the engine depends on proper tightening. Difficult, because this work is not very convenient to perform due to cramped conditions and insufficient visibility. Specific - because the bolts need to be tightened in several passes, according to a certain pattern, using a special torque tool.

Advice from manufacturers

Let's return to our "comics", if you have ever bought new spark plugs, you might have paid attention to some quick installation instructions. Different companies have such instructions that look completely different; some manage to sell their products without such hints at all.

Of course, the main information in such factory advice is the exact tightening torque for a specific spark plug. So you need to carefully examine not only the desired part, but also the box from under it. Let's take a quick look at the main brands of the domestic market, how do they approach this issue?

Bosch - on the set of spark plugs I purchased from this company, there is no useful information at all, although the tightening torque is still indicated in the corner on the individual candle box. As the salesperson of the car dealership explained to me, on other models of the same company they also tell you at what angle to tighten the spark plug, nothing more.
Denso - here everything is the other way around, an excellent installation diagram is printed on the package, however, such an important value for the tightening torque is missing; you can find it out in the online catalog, which you are recommended to visit.
NGK - they also indicate the tightening torque and the number of turns, but I still don’t understand clearly how much to do ½ or 2/3 of a turn, there are some inconsistencies. However, the official dealer still recommends ½ turn.

And yet, before purchasing new spark plugs, diagnose the old ones. Find a device for checking spark plugs if you can’t do it with improvised means. It is quite possible that they can be heated and kept in reserve; do not rush to throw them away.

Marking of parts

This parameter is indicated on the bolt head. For parts made on the basis of carbon steel with strength class 2, numbers are indicated through a dot, for example: 3.5, 4.8, etc.

The first digit indicates 1/100 of the nominal tensile strength size, measured in MPa. For example, if the bolt head says 10.1, then the first number means 10*100 = 1000 MPa.

The second figure is the ratio of yield strength to strength, multiplied by 10, according to the above example - 1 * 10 * 10 = 100 MPa.

The yield strength is the maximum load on a bolt. For elements made of stainless steel, steel type A2 or A4 is applied, and then the tensile strength. For example: A4-40. The number in this marking characterizes 1/10 of the tensile strength of carbon steel.

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The information is not new, however, if, for example, you survey 100 car owners, then only a few will answer the question “with what force to tighten the spark plugs” correctly. Usually, car enthusiasts answer this question with something like “I tighten it by hand,” “I didn’t even think about it,” “I pull it until it stops,” “It doesn’t matter!” and so on.

What is this article for and why did I even take it up? At one seminar, I heard an interesting explanation from an official Bosch representative in Kazakhstan about overheating of spark plugs when they are installed incorrectly in the engine block head. To be honest, before that, I myself had not strictly followed the manufacturers’ instructions, although I had repeatedly seen these recommendations on candle packaging, and like every self-respecting driver, I believed that those small “pictures” on the boxes were indicated either for “nerds” those who love precision, or for those who don’t even have an idea how to screw in spark plugs, or in order not to break the thread in the spark plug well - “well, I’ve been driving for many years and I feel the key!”

The first package of the most standard Bosch spark plugs, which are installed on Nissan, Toyota and other popular brands. On the packaging itself, in which all 10 candles were stored, no information on tightening is given at all. However, on the packaging of each individual candle a wrench is depicted and the tightening torque is indicated - 28 Newton per meter, although on other types of Bosch candles, in addition, a 90-degree turn of the key is also indicated.

Although the tightening torque is not indicated on the packaging of each candle (agree, it wouldn’t hurt to indicate it?), there is an inscription stating that detailed information about installation is indicated in the catalogue, in addition, there is an installation diagram in the form of pictures, where the exact tightening torque values not indicated, but it is indicated that after screwing in the spark plug “by hand”, then you need to tighten it with a wrench 12 turns for a spark plug with a washer-gasket and 116 for a spark plug with a conical seat without a washer - however, please note that there is no inscription anywhere on the packaging that this rule is valid only for new spark plugs, with the washer not yet crushed.

In this very catalog on the applicability of Denso spark plugs there is also a section on installation. I'll try to shed some light on this.

The next point says that you need to screw in the spark plug “by hand”, without using any levers or keys (an extension with a head, in cases where the depth of the spark plug well does not allow this to be done by hand, I think does not count).

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Finally, in the picture below, I suggest you look at the spark plug washer through which heat is removed. Look at its structure. It's multi-layered. If this washer is not clamped with the required force, the heat dissipation from the internal parts of the spark plug will deteriorate.

In the last article we talked about the correct tightening of spark plugs. Here is this article - How hard should I tighten the spark plugs? Although this installation technology is not new, however, judging by the feedback we received after publication, we confirmed that not many people follow these rules.

From the comments to the article about correct tightening, we have new material for research - the whole point is that one of the discussion participants cast doubt on the fact that the yellow coating around the spark plug is gases escaping through the seals of the metal washer from the combustion chamber. We decided to check it out, and most importantly, show it to you, and we cut exactly the candle that was in the photo in the previous publication.

After loosening the metal washer with a screwdriver, it became clear that the seal was not tight. The color of the ceramic insulator under the washer and in the place where the wire tip was put on is the same. From this experience, we concluded that the ceramics in the washer were indeed not pressed tightly and there was a breakthrough of combustion products to some extent.

Features of replacement by brand

The above generally describes a standardized procedure for replacing spark plugs, which is typical for all vehicles without exception that run on internal combustion engines. Knowing the basic principles, it will not be difficult to make a replacement on any make of car. Difficulties can arise only when searching for the spark plugs themselves (on some machines, in order to get to the spark plugs, you need to remove and disassemble many obstructive elements), as well as if their location is inconvenient.

For each car, depending on the make, year of manufacture and engine type, strictly defined sections are required. Please refer to the instruction manual for specific markings. It is not permissible to use unsuitable spark plugs on a car. This entails major damage to related elements.

Replacing spark plugs for Volkswagen Polo, Jetta, Passat, Tiguan

The features of engines from the TSI series, which are installed on Volkswagen cars, require the most careful approach. Damage occurs to the rubber tips of the ignition coil.

The manufacturer has provided for the possibility of such breakdowns, so the coil tips are sold separately and replacement will not be so expensive.

To replace the spark plugs, you must remove the pipe. To do this, you need to squeeze the clamp with pliers and move it. Do this at both ends of the pipe, then you can remove it. To prevent contamination, it is better to cover the opening of the open air pipe with a napkin. Then access to all 4 coils will be open.

Next, disconnect the ignition coil plug. There are also some peculiarities here: the lock is tight, if you can’t start it with your hands, you can help with a flat-head screwdriver. Now you can unscrew the bolt securing the coil and remove it. It is not so easy to get it out because the rubber tip gets stuck. If the coil does not reach, you need to loosen it a little. In addition, you can use rounded pliers - slide them under the coil, lift it, clamp it and pull it up, turning it left and right.

Further, the process of replacing spark plugs differs little from the standard version. But before installing the coils in place, it is necessary to lubricate them with high-temperature grease so that there are no further problems with their removal.

In the case of an MPI engine, the spark plugs should be located under the air filter cover.

Replacing spark plugs for Renault Duster, Logan, Sandero

On the Renault Duster 2.0 L F4R there is a small feature that concerns the leftmost coil. The phase regulator valve is attached close to it, so in order to get this coil, you need to unscrew the phase regulator with a screwdriver. The spark plug wrench must have a magnetic or rubber head, since the spark plugs are in a recess and it is not possible to get them out with a regular head.

The problem with most Renaults is the weak threads of the coil bolts, so you need to unscrew them carefully.

On the K7M engine, when removing the wires, you must remember their location so as not to confuse them later.

Replacing spark plugs for Kia Rio, Sid, Sportage, Serato

On Kia cars, as a rule, replacing spark plugs occurs without difficulty or problems, since the spark plugs are conveniently located and the coils are easily removed.

Thus, candles are the most important element of a car, which can say a lot about its condition. It is recommended to change spark plugs every 15 thousand km. mileage It is better not to wait for interruptions in engine operation and change spark plugs preventively.

The main rules for replacing spark plugs are: cleanliness of the working cylinders and correct tightening of the spark plugs.

What are the dangers of improper tightening?

Indeed, hardly any novice motorists have thought about how to properly tighten the spark plugs. Well, maybe there are only a few who pay attention to such nuances.

Official information from the manufacturer of the best spark plugs in the world (well, maybe one of the best) Bosch: if the tightening torque is incorrect, the most important elements of the car’s ignition system overheat.

It would seem, well, what’s surprising here. America was not discovered. Such information is present on the packaging of SZ, including those produced in Russia. However, only a few people paid attention to the picture with a wrench, under which the recommended tightening torque is written.

It is noteworthy that a certain part of newcomers think so. Like, I’m cleaning the spark plug, I’ve been driving for a long time, I have experience, I feel the key in my hands, I won’t spoil anything. Another part of people who recently got behind the wheel of a car generally consider this additional information unnecessary.

Obviously, all these beliefs are wrong. It's simple - if you don't follow the instructions on the packaging, you can make a lot of mistakes. This also applies to the ineffective operation of the candle. New relatively SZ require replacement after a short period of use; soot and deposits form on them. Ultimately, this all leads to unnecessary costs.

Newbies often wonder why experienced drivers rarely change spark plugs. For some, this becomes a lesson, they become interested and recognize a simple nuance that has always been in front of them.

It turns out that due to incorrect tightening torque, the SZ breaks or overheats. It is clear that with a strong tightening this threatens breakage, with a weak tightening - loss of compression. In addition, insufficient tightening also threatens breakage, since the spark plug vibrates strongly.

If manually

Often you simply can’t get a torque wrench, and you have to try and find a way out of the situation. The required tightening value of 20 Nm can be calculated. Dividing by 10, we get 2 kg/cm. This corresponds to a weight of 2 kg applied to a 1 meter lever. In this case, the condition of absolute perpendicularity of the load relative to the lever is observed.

Based on the formula F=M/0.1*L=2/0.01*12=16.6 kg, you will need a lever to the key of 10 cm. The calculations indicate: L is the length of the arm or key, for example 12 ( in cm), M=20 Nm=2 kg/cm - moment of force (in kg/cm), F - the desired value, impact force (weight in kg). So, you will need ordinary hand scales with a hook, which we will attach to the round tip of the key and pull so that the arrow is exactly at the level of the 20 kilogram scale.

Moreover, you need to hold the scales perpendicular to the key itself. This way you can get out of the situation when there is no tool store nearby or you just feel sorry for buying a key for one time.

Cause of spark plug overheating

The correct way to tighten the spark plug is of great importance because there is heat generation in the well. So, even the gasket provided at the bottom of the thread, where the top of the cylinder and the seat meet, is responsible for normal heat transfer. Otherwise, if you do not follow the tightening torque instructions (for example, if the spark plug is not tightened enough), overheating will occur. The candle itself will operate with low efficiency.

It turns out to be a whole theory. And in fact, this information is not news, but many have simply forgotten about it.

Unfortunately, there are quite a few kits that do not have specific information on this matter. It happens that just a wrench is shown, but the tightening torque is not indicated.

How to unscrew

Using a spark plug wrench, unscrew it a few turns.

Use a compressor or brush to remove dirt and dust from the well so that it does not penetrate inside the cylinder. Then you can unscrew it by hand. If the candle is brick-colored, it means it is working normally.

You need to unscrew the spark plugs on a cold engine or on a warm one. You shouldn’t do this while it’s hot, as it will require a lot of effort. The candle can be broken and you will have to buy a new one. It is strongly pinched, since the linear expansion of the cylinder block is greater than the spark plug threads. On a hot engine it does not unscrew easily, and there is no need to do this.

Recommended tightening torque

28 N/m is the spark plug tightening force recommended by the Bosch manufacturer. There are also a number of other rules:

If the spark plug has a conical seat without a gasket, after screwing it in by hand, you must additionally tighten the element with a 1/16 wrench;
If the spark plug is ordinary, with a washer, then you need to tighten it an additional 1/2 turn with a wrench.

Note. The above information applies only to new SZ, the installation of which has not yet been completed.

Interesting point. In most cases, retail candles reach the average buyer. They can even be packaged in 4 or 6 pieces, but this is already done on site by dealers, servicemen and salespeople. In fact, candles from most manufacturers come in a package of 10 pieces. But this is considered wholesale.

It is clear that all valuable information remains on the original packaging. It's a rare third-party seller who will copy it on their packaging.

In the table we have given the recommended tightening values for spark plugs with a certain thread diameter. Always follow this information if you do not want the candle to overheat.

How to twist

Take a spark plug with a set gap, heat rating, and thread of the required length. If it is insufficient, then the candle will not reach the right place, and the combustible mixture will not ignite as expected.

If the thread is longer than the specified size, the threads will extend beyond the thread of the head. They will become clogged with carbon deposits, and it will be impossible to unscrew them. After this, sometimes you even have to remove the block head. Screw in by hand according to the instructions until it fits.

New and old spark plugs need to be tightened differently. If you use a torque wrench, then there is no difference, the force should be 20-29 N*m. If you do not use the key, but take into account the angle of rotation, then the tightening is different.

A used spark plug needs to be tightened all the way, then with a wrench by 30 degrees, a new one by 180 degrees. This is done because the old sealing washer is already compressed, but the new one is not yet. Some factories recommend tightening 90 degrees.

How hard should I tighten the spark plugs?

These statements and beliefs are completely wrong. The thing is that if you do not follow the “pictures” on the packages, the candle will not work correctly. This is due to the tight contact in the threaded part and the removal of heat from it, as well as from the washer (gasket), which is placed on the threaded part at the junction of the seat and part of the cylinder head. As all spark plug manufacturers state, the washer also participates in heat transfer and if the plug is not tightened tightly, this will lead to an excessive increase in the temperature of the plug and its unstable operation.

The information is really not new, given that spark plugs were invented a long time ago, but it turns out to be well forgotten. I decided to check whether this information is actually as accessible as the dealer described it, especially since every service station in our city not only has to know this information, but is obliged to know it.

There is no installation information at all on each individual package of Denso spark plugs. Although this is not a stone in Denso's garden. The retail outlet that sells these candles is obliged to warn the client. The chain stretches from the dealer from whom these candles are purchased. Apparently, our sellers are not sufficiently informed, or simply do not want to greatly stretch the process of selling “some kind of candles.”

Catalogs are the domain of sellers and servicemen - that’s exactly what Denso thinks, judging by the packaging. After all, the information is indicated only on the packaging, where candles of 10 pieces are stored wholesale, and even with a link to this very catalog, which the average motorist consumer has never even seen.

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In this very catalog on the applicability of Denso spark plugs there is also a section on installation. I'll try to shed some light on this.

The first thing Denso recommends doing is to clean the threads of the spark plug well from oil and other contaminants. According to the specialists of this company, it is impossible to lubricate the candle threads at all - this will lead to improper tightening.

For NGK spark plugs, the rule for tightening spark plugs is also valid. Only on the packaging of each candle with a washer it is already indicated not only 1/2 of a turn, but also 2/3, besides, the sector on the mug is still 2/3 painted over. Based on this marking, I still don’t clearly understand how exactly I should tighten the spark plug by 1/2 (90 degrees), or by 2/3. For a tapered seat, it gives the same value as the Denso 1/16 turn of the wrench. (If anyone knows why the value of 2/3 is also indicated for a spark plug with a washer, please indicate this in the comments to the article. However, the official dealer says tighten the spark plug by 1/2 turn).

The picture above shows a new spark plug and an old overheated spark plug removed from the engine. Note the darkened ceramic insulator. These are erupted combustion products. In several sources from manufacturers, I found a description of a process in which, as a result of overheating, the seal in a metal nozzle (nut) with a ceramic core insulator was reduced. A normally working spark plug should not have this. Loss of the seal in these places will lead to even stronger heating (after all, it is through the ceramic that the rod transfers heat to the nut and then to the block head). As a result, there could be misfires (unstable operation), and the tip of the spark plug wire could overheat. If the disease is started, then we can get a completely non-functional spark plug, a damaged, cracked, dried out or melted tip, and sometimes engine damage - there have been cases when parts of the spark plug got into the cylinder.

Required Tools and Process

In order to do it correctly, you will need:

set of socket heads;
extension;
ratchet/wrench;
torque wrench.

The replacement process itself should be performed according to the following scheme:

Disconnect the wires leading to the emergency oil level and coolant temperature sensors.
Drain the coolant.
Remove the thermostat.
Remove the air filter housing.
Disconnect the exhaust pipe inlet from the manifold.
Remove the casing, as well as the camshaft belt itself.
Disconnect the drive rods of both dampers from the carburetor.
Disconnect the wires going to the cylinder head.
Disconnect the hoses suitable for the cylinder head by loosening their clamps.
Remove the cylinder head.
Remove the worn gasket.
Clean the contact surface of the cylinder head from any remaining gasket material.

Installing the gasket and mounting the cylinder head in place is carried out in exactly the same sequence, but in reverse order

At the same time, it is worth paying close attention to such a factor as the tightening torque of the cylinder head of the VAZ 2114 8 valves - we will talk about it below

German "Meriva"

Each car has a spark plug tightening torque indicated in its passport data. Opel Meriva uses a spark from a gap of 1.1 mm. Replacement is made with a 16 mm wrench. To gain access, remove the plastic cover, remove the connectors and unscrew the 2 bolts.

The first step is to remove the coil block along with the spark plugs. Carry out an external inspection for the presence of soot and chips. To tighten it, it is better to use a spark plug wrench with a rubber insert. You will also need sprockets for dismantling decorative elements in the engine compartment. For installation, reverse manipulations are carried out, the tightening torque is 25 Nm.

The spark plugs must be crimped with a certain force to the gasket thickness specified by the manufacturer. Ideally, it should be equal to 1.7 mm. But inexperienced repairmen manually turn it up to 1.2 mm, when the risk of damaging the ceramic inserts increases.

Conical spark plugs are more fragile and require torques with a low error of ±2 Nm. Therefore, it is better to buy an original torque wrench. Cheap tools are usually disposable. Good spark plugs also cost a lot compared to the cost of a key.