You can adjust the wheel alignment angles of your car with your own hands using available tools and simple devices. In this material we will talk about how to do wheel alignment yourself at home, and what difficulties are most often encountered when adjusting wheel alignment angles.
Incorrect alignment adjustment can cause, for example, rapid wear of tires, or the fact that when driving in a straight line, the car will pull to the left or to the right.
At the end of this article you will find a video that explains and shows in detail everything you need to know about wheel alignment.
VAZ 2115 do-it-yourself wheel alignment video
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The video was uploaded to the administrator from the user Aaron: for immediate viewing on the portal.
To give the correct answer to the question Destruction and alignment on a VAZ 2115 with your own hands, you need to watch the video. After viewing, you will not need to seek help from specialists. Detailed annotations will help you solve your problems. Enjoy watching.
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You can adjust the wheel alignment angles of a car with your own hands, using the means at hand and ordinary devices. In this material we will tell you how to do wheel alignment without the help of others at home, and what difficulties are encountered in most cases when adjusting wheel alignment angles.
Incorrect wheel alignment adjustment may be a prerequisite, for example, for rapid wear of tires, or for the fact that when driving in a straight line the car will pull to the left or to the right.
At the end of this article you will find a video that carefully explains and shows everything you need to know about wheel alignment.
Wheel alignment - what is it?
First, let's look at the theory: wheel alignment - what is it? What are the wheel alignment angles, and how does the car’s behavior on the road depend on them?
Destruction is the angle between the vertical and the plane of the wheel. It ensures reliable contact of the tire with the road (see picture above).
Toe is the angle between the direction of movement and the plane of rotation of the wheel. The stability of the car in corners and tire wear depend on it.
- On rear-wheel drive cars, the wheels should be slightly pointed towards each other - this is called positive toe-in. When moving, they move apart and become parallel.
- For front-wheel drive vehicles, on the contrary, the toe-in should be negative (see the diagram below).
Caster is the longitudinal inclination angle of the king pin. This parameter very rarely needs adjustment, only on a newly assembled front suspension made from new parts, so we will not consider its adjustment.
Repairing the suspension or steering control (replacing the same shock absorbers or control joint) leads to a significant change in the mounting angles of the wheels. Everyday use of the car also makes adjustments to these characteristics over time, so from time to time it becomes necessary to adjust the wheel alignment.
It is ideal to adjust the wheel alignment twice a year, during seasonal tire changes. During this period of time, you will fall into a hole more than once or run over a curb, causing the chassis to become loose and the angles to change. Timely alignment adjustment will cost much less than a set of new tires.
In 1955, South American engineer Lee Hunter developed the first wheel alignment control panel. Sensors mounted on the wheels sent focused beams of light and accurately detected angles. That's why the shield was called optical. But already in 1969 it was connected to a computer, and in 1995, 3D technology was used for the first time to measure and adjust angles.
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True, Russian car owners drove without any shields or computers - using wrenches, calipers, thread and a plumb line, they adjusted the camber and toe angles with their own hands.
Adjusting the wheel toe angle
To adjust the angle of convergence, it is most convenient to take measurements using a special telescopic ruler with a scale.
Toe Adjustment Ruler
It is more convenient to work in a pit. The steering wheel should be in a straight-ahead position.
- Before adjusting the toe, make one mark on the inside of the wheels with chalk on the left and right tires as close as possible to the rims.
- Having created a preparatory tension in the ruler, install it, resting its ends against the intended points so that its body does not touch the body parts and suspension.
- Shake the ruler a little and align the “zero” on the moving scale with the fixed pointer. Lock the scale.
- Carefully roll the car forward so that the ruler along with the wheels moves backwards, but does not touch the suspension and body parts.
- Check the readings.
If on a VAZ 2109 the distance between the wheels at the rear is less than at the front, then the control rods need to be shortened, and if more, then lengthened.
- Using a 27 wrench, loosen the locknuts on the control rods. Nuts with marks on the edges have a left-hand thread.
- Using a 24mm wrench, turn the clutch to configure the rod length.
- Don’t forget to look at the horizontal position of the steering wheel spokes.
- Place the moving scale on the ruler to adjust the toe to “zero” and roll the car in reverse.
- With readings from 1 to 1 mm, you can complete the adjustment of the toe angle. For additional control, roll the car forward.
Look in turn from the side of each front wheel to the alignment of each rear wheel. With the steering wheel spoke horizontal, you will simply see that there is either no displacement of both wheels to the left or to the right. If the displacement is noticeably obvious, then by unscrewing one rod and tightening the other by the same number of turns, correct the displacement.
After adjusting the wheel alignment yourself, it’s worth thinking about which wheels to choose: stamped or cast? It is believed that cast wheels significantly reduce the load on the suspension, while stamped wheels are more comfortable.
What you need to know about wheel alignment
Do-it-yourself wheel alignment adjustment
While driving, the car must maintain its trajectory correctly. The steering and suspension are responsible for this. Have a nice day, dear readers. The lambda probe transmits the received information to how to make a lambda probe snag. Now we will tell you how to remove the steering wheel on a VAZ 2109 or just a nine and replace it with a new sports steering wheel. If there are differences in the operation of these systems, then it will be quite difficult to keep the car on the road. How to remove the steering wheel on a VAZ 2110-2112: 3 important points. To prevent similar problems, periodic maintenance of the chassis and adjustment of wheel alignment angles should be carried out.
The owner of the car can completely adjust the destruction and alignment of the wheels on his own. First, the machine must be installed on a lift or inspection pit. Checking the steering wheel. The number of revolutions from the center must be the same, and when the steering wheel is installed in the central position, the wheels must look correctly straight. Before work, the tire pressure is checked, as well as the integrity of the control system and suspension. If there are flaws in these systems, adjusting wheel alignment is practically useless.
What parameters should I set the wheel alignment to?
We have already talked about permissible wheel alignment errors, now let's move on specifically to choosing characteristics for our driving style.
It's one thing to adjust the wheel alignment for racing: drift, drag, rings, rally; It’s another thing to customize it for the everyday comfortable use of the car.
CASTOR: AvtoVAZ recommends the “factory” castor position with a value of 1 degree. But if you use a different method and adjust the caster to 3 degrees, the car will confidently and smoothly hold a straight line at high speeds. By the way, 3 degrees is the limit of positive castor for our cars, if you make it higher, then it is already necessary to change the engine mount, gearbox, and you will have to change grenades often.
Destruction: AvtoVAZ sets destruction at 0 degrees from the factory. To increase maneuverability in turns, you can move the destruction into the negative line for 45 minutes.
CONVERGENCE: again the factory parameter corresponds to “0” with permissible deviations.
But if we changed the destruction to a negative point, then we will certainly need to set the toe to 0.5 - 1 mm.
Destruction: On the rear axle you can set the destruction from .1 to .2 degrees. In this case, it is better to use special negative camber spacers.
CASTOR: The toe will need to be made from 2 to 4mm.
How to make a wheel alignment with your own hands on a VAZ-2109
In fact, every owner of a business-class car, when adjusting such a parameter in the car as the destruction of toe, will prefer to entrust the matter to a specialist, so that he will do everything quickly and correctly. But those car owners who drive, for example, a VAZ-2109, often solve this issue without the help of others.
Nowadays, car owners are increasingly trying to repair their own cars without the help of others. After all, if we are talking about a Russian brand, then there is nothing complicated or impossible to implement. It is worth keeping in mind that the life of a car directly depends on how carefully the owner treats it. It is important that vehicle repair work is carried out on time. A car alignment should be done every 10-15 thousand km. These manipulations do not require a lot of effort and energy, but they will be able to protect you from negative consequences and extend the service life of the machine.
What is wheel alignment?
If you decide to adjust the wheel alignment on your own car, you should familiarize yourself with what this process is and why it is needed.
The directional stability of the vehicle depends on whether these options are carried out correctly in transport. As a result, the service life of tires on wheels directly depends on this. A car with an adjusted parameter is not so susceptible to wear. They are much easier to manage. In addition, if the wheel alignment is set incorrectly, the fuel consumption is likely to be much higher than that of a working car.
Destruction is the angle formed between the vertical plane of the wheel and, accordingly, the plane of its movement. When operational, this setting will affect wheel placement.
Toe is the angle formed between the plane of rotation of the wheels and their driving vector. The parameter has an effect on the placement of wheels at various speeds, also when turning the car.
Plate design
Spacers for wheels VAZ 2114
Spacers for negative camber of the rear wheels are so-called plates, with holes for fastening with wedge-shaped bolts. It is installed between the beam and the rear wheel hub. Washers were previously used as an alternative to these plates. But their use was often impractical, because the stiffness of the suspension as a whole changed for the worse. And this in turn can lead to undesirable consequences.
Vehicle diagnostics for wheel alignment
After researching the theory, it’s worth figuring out how to correctly diagnose your car. After all, VAZ-2109 owners often adjust this parameter with their own hands. First you need to find a garage equipped with a lift (a pit is also suitable), or find a flat area.
First you need to check that:
- When the car was moving straight, the steering wheel was level;
- The number of revolutions of the control wheel on the right or left side relative to the position when the car was moving straight was similar.
In addition, you should make sure that the suspension is reliable and also measure the pressure characteristics in all tires. This parameter must be the same on each wheel.
READ How to Make a Wheel Alignment on a VAZ 2106
Beforehand, you need to make sure of the following:
- That in the near future you do not plan to repair the suspension or steering control.
- That the tire pressure is within normal limits.
- That the trunk and interior of the car are empty.
If you ignore the reasons listed above, adjusting the wheel alignment will cause a lot of unnecessary hassle.
Conditions under which the correct wheel alignment is set
- All car tires must be the same size with the same pattern.
- Wheels must be balanced.
- Wheels (stampings) must fully comply with the factory parameters of the car (radius, offset, width, bore diameter).
- Same pressure in all tires.
- All suspension elements and body geometry must be in full working order.
- Find out in advance what is included in the cost of car service services.
How to make your own wheel alignment on a VAZ-2109
For good maneuverability of the VAZ-2109, wheel alignment is installed on the front wheels at suitable angles. The angles of the steering axes act to stabilize the steering wheels of the machine in the straight direction. This angle can be adjusted by adding special shims in the area where the axis of the lower arm is located.
Deviation of the angle from the established norm threatens the fact that:
- When driving, the car pulls to the side.
- Turning the steering wheel to the left or to the right requires different efforts.
In order to calculate the amount of wheel toe, you first need to measure the distance between the wheel rims in front and behind, and then calculate the difference in values. A ruler and a device with a special-purpose chain will come in handy here. When measuring toe-in, the ruler is placed so that all the tips from the tubes attached to it are directed into the car tire along the edges, while the chain itself touches the ground. After setting the arrow to position 0, you need to roll the car forward so that the ruler is behind the axle. These steps will help you find a clear alignment of the wheels. Correction and adjustment of toe must be carried out using rotations of the connecting couplings, which are located on the control rods at the edges. It is important to keep in mind that the locknuts must be tightened at the very end.
Adjusting camber in vehicles is a relatively complex process. Regardless, this process can be completed on your own. First, it is worth lifting the car so that the tires hang in the air and do not come into contact with the ground. Now you can find special points of equal runout along the edges of the car on the tires. In this case, the assistants will be a rest for the master’s hand and chalk or a marker. The hand must be fixed on the support. A marker is needed in order to mark those parts of the wheels that protrude slightly along the very diameter. After which the wheel should be turned so that the marked points are vertical.
For those who are thinking about doing car repairs without the help of others, this article will be very useful. One way or another, if any difficulties arise, you can turn to any 100 for help. They will eliminate all errors without any problems and correctly adjust the wheel alignment on your car.
Signs of incorrect wheel alignment
First is uneven tire wear. The wheel is tilted slightly, which causes more pressure on one side and, accordingly, faster wear. In this case, you should immediately go to a specialist or constantly spend money on changing tires.
In addition, if the wheel alignment is incorrect, then when you release the steering wheel on a straight line while driving, the car will pull slightly to the side. This is also a reason to visit a car service center. In fact, it is better to do this once every six months when changing wheels seasonally. The chassis becomes loose during use and the angles change.
Toe is the angle between the direction of movement and the plane of rotation of the wheels. Cornering stability and tire wear depend on it.
For rear-wheel drive cars, the wheels should be slightly turned towards each other. This is called positive toe. When moving, the wheels move apart a little and become parallel. For front-wheel drive, it’s the opposite.
Destruction is the angle between the vertical and the plane of the wheel. It ensures reliable contact of the tire with the road.
In another service they determined the tire pressure by eye! Besides, the weights in the trunk didn’t intrigue anyone either.
The adjustment shield was originally an optical one, invented in 1955. Its wheel-mounted sensors sent focused light beams and determined angles. But already in 1969 it was connected to a computer. In 1995, 3D technology was used for the first time to measure and adjust angles. But Russian car owners managed this without any shields using keys, calipers, thread and plumb lines. They adjusted the angles themselves. Like this.
After visiting 4 more workshops, we found a mechanic who found a trick. He pumped up the tire and saw a surprise in the trunk. The service didn't charge us a penny! Be sure to pay attention to the fact that before adjusting the wheel alignment, the car service center must perform a chassis diagnostic, check the tire pressure and vehicle load.
Which wheel alignment stand to choose: optical or computer?
I’ll say right away that if the “master” has crooked hands, then optical or 3D camber makes no difference.
Optical stands are old reliable tools in the hands of a master, but they have relatively large measurement errors compared to computer ones.
Another significant drawback is the lack of ability to adjust two axes at once, unlike a computer one.
A computer stand - in addition to the correct alignment and camber of the wheels, the master can immediately assess the condition of the body geometry, participation in an accident, etc.
Conclusion: it is best to use the services of a modern computer 3D stand, and know in advance which specialist to go to, because everything depends on the straightness of your hands!
After any repair to the suspension or steering, it is necessary to adjust the camber and toe angle of the front wheels. This procedure is extremely important, because if you do not carry it out, in the best case, the car will “eat up” the rubber, and in the worst case, it will constantly be pulled to the side while driving, which is extremely dangerous, since it is fraught with an accident. Typically, car enthusiasts prefer to go to a car service center because they have all the necessary equipment. However, some people want to try to adjust the wheel alignment themselves or cannot afford the extra expenses. How to carry out this operation yourself?
Today we will describe in detail the sequence of actions, and at the same time we will tell you what the words “camber” and “toe in” mean.
What is wheel camber and toe
Camber is the angle between the vertical plane and the plane of the wheel. It directly determines how well the tires contact the road surface.
Toe is the angle between the direction of movement and the plane of rotation of the wheel. It determines how stable the car is when cornering and at what rate the tires wear out.
Toe has one caveat - it varies depending on the drive of the car. Vehicles with a rear-wheel drive axle should have positive toe-in (where the wheels are slightly turned towards each other), but front-wheel drive vehicles should have negative toe-in (the wheels, on the contrary, are slightly turned to the sides). It should be noted that while driving, the wheels become straight in both cases, which ensures a comfortable and safe ride.
There is another little-known adjustment called caster - the angle at which the kingpin is tilted (in the longitudinal plane). The caster is set at the factory once and for all, and therefore does not require adjustment. However, if you make major changes to your car's suspension (preparing it for sports events, for example), it will need to be re-adjusted. This procedure will not be discussed here.
Experts recommend adjusting the wheel alignment 2 times a year, simultaneously with the transition to summer/winter tires. But in fact, the vast majority of drivers carry out this procedure only after repairing suspension elements or replacing steering rods, as well as before a technical inspection.
How to adjust wheel alignment on a VAZ 2109
Before you get started, do 3 important things. First, make sure you won't be doing any suspension or steering repairs in the near future. Otherwise, you will waste your nerves, time and effort. Secondly, don’t be lazy to check the tire pressure. If it is abnormal, the measurements will be incorrect. Thirdly, check the trunk and interior to make sure nothing is lying there, since the adjustment is made on an unloaded car.
Alignment - video, instructions, tips
If you are experiencing uneven and rapid tire wear, then this is a sure sign that you need to do a wheel alignment. It needs to be inspected often, preferably by a professional. Otherwise, you will often have to pay for a new set of tires. In the video and article you will learn fascinating information about the wheel alignment procedure, its specifics and correct execution.
Incorrect wheel alignment angles are one of the reasons for rapid tire wear.
First, the technician must check the chassis of the car. If you need to repair it, then doing a wheel alignment is completely stupid. In our case, the steering and suspension were fine. Next, the correct angles are set on the tested shield.
Before adjusting, you also need to check the tire pressure and find the load in the trunk.
But does everyone do this?
After we lowered the wheel and put almost 200 kg of iron in the trunk, the wheel alignment angles changed by several degrees. But will this problem be found in the service?
In one of the services we were told that it was necessary to change the entire control, 100% trapezoid. They also mentioned that this is only what is visible to the naked eye. Cost: 1200 – trapezoid, 800 rubles – cylinder with pumping. This is a fairly expensive chassis repair. But the wheel alignment was adjusted. They did not inspect the tire pressure and the loaded trunk.
VAZ 2115 | Front wheel alignment angles
To ensure the stability and maneuverability of the car, the front wheels of the car are installed at certain angles relative to parts of the body and suspension. Three parameters are subject to adjustment: toe, camber angle and caster angle.
The longitudinal inclination angle of the steering axis (Fig. 1) is the angle between the vertical and the line passing through the centers of rotation of the ball joint and the bearing of the upper support of the spring strut guide, in a plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the car. To increase the angle of inclination of the turning axis, the upper support of the rack, initially located as shown in photo 1, must be rotated 180° relative to the hole in the cup of the body mudguard.
In this case, the longitudinal inclination angle of the rotation axis will increase by 0°52′ (the operating procedure is described in the subsection “Removing the spring strut guide”).
Wheel camber angle (Fig. 2) is the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheel and the vertical. It is adjusted by turning the top bolt securing the shock absorber strut to the steering knuckle (see “Removing the spring strut guide”).
Wheel toe (Fig. 3) is the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheel and the longitudinal axis of the car. Toe can also be found as the difference in distances between the flanges of the rims, measured behind and in front of the wheels at the level of their centers. The toe-in is adjusted by rotating the internal control rod by the flats when the lock nut of the outer control rod tip is released (see “Removing the external control rod tip”).
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It is recommended to check and adjust the angles of the front wheels at a service station. Before making adjustments, make sure that the tire pressure is correct, the tire tread wear on the left and right wheels is approximately the same, there is no play in the hub bearings and control elements, and the wheels are not deformed.
Front wheel installation angles
Wheel alignment angles
At full weight
The difference between the camber angles of the right and left wheels, less
Pitch angle (caster)
Caster difference between right and left wheels, less
Wheel alignment when measured with a sliding ruler on the shoulder 450 mm
Checking the wheel alignment angles is imperative if suspension components and parts that affect the values of these angles have been replaced or repaired. Due to the fact that the installation angles of the front wheels are interrelated, first the casting angle of the steering axis is inspected and adjusted, then the destruction and, lastly, the toe-in.
What is wheel alignment?
The concept includes the toe-in and camber of wheels relative to the road and the car body. Toe is a certain angle that is formed between the plane of the wheel and the axis of symmetry or traction.
Pay attention to the drawing! It shows positive toe-in, i.e. in the direction of movement the wheels are facing each other. There is also negative convergence when the situation is the opposite.
Camber is a certain angle that is formed between the plane of the wheel and the asphalt.
If the upper part of the wheel is tilted towards the body, the parameter is considered negative, if it is tilted away from the body, it is considered positive.
Another term that is also important is “castor” or “tilt of the axis of rotation.”
This is the angle between the steering axis of the wheel and the vertical when viewed from the side.
In other words, when we turn the steering wheel completely, the wheel tilts in the direction of the turn (falls on its side).
Wheel alignment, camber and castor
How to make a wheel alignment yourself on a VAZ 2115
Ooh, and how to get to adjust the toe on nines with prioromotors. . The camber master himself and 2108-2115 these cars infuriate me the most. Do-it-yourself geometry of the front wheels using the example of the VAZ 2110.
Now I only recommend this 100 to all my friends. Yes, by the way, before driving to the 100 Ideal, I stopped by and checked prices for others, so the prices they told me were 9800. BUT one thing guys, always remember the Service Management of this level and how 100 Ideal and. He started gossiping to me about the fact that he was fooled here, they christened him with some means, but now they demand completely different ones, so that I leave here as quickly as possible. The area on which you are going to carry out the adjustment should be level, it is better to have an inspection hole. First, check that the wheel is exactly in the center when moving in a straight line and that the number of revolutions to the right and to the left coincides. On a Russian VAZ car, repairing the front strut with your own hands is, in principle, not an easy process, I would even say it is no more difficult than replacing the brake pads, but you need to purchase a special tool, without which it will be difficult. We can say with great confidence that among experienced drivers and those who have just received a driver’s license, there are those who are hearing about this for the first time. The longitudinal tilt of the king pin is the angle between the axis of rotation of the fist and the vertical in the transverse direction. At almost every step there are services that perform alignment destruction, the equipment of which meets the latest technology. This is where I got angry. I arrive at 100, to the electrician. We will help you get acquainted with how exactly the CV joint is replaced on a VAZ 2109, 2110, 2114.
You will also need a block 22 mm wide, and another block only 6 mm wide. The guys are closing the repair of middle-class cars, which I am VERY HAPPY about. Very pleased with both the service and prices, and especially the professionalism and speed. If you get a difference between the top and bottom points of the wheel, say, 3 mm, then this will mean that the camber angle is approximately 30. If the toe is incorrectly adjusted, the car’s tires can wear out much faster than with the toe adjusted, so always keep an eye on it and adjust according to your ability. To make adjustments, you will definitely need a caliper, as well as a set of main wrenches, Cobra-type pliers, a small length of regular thread and an unusual thread with hooks tied at both ends. All you need to adjust the alignment is a flat platform, a matchbox, threads and keys. Volya on VAZ 21. The difference between the upper and lower values should be in the range of 15 mm. I promise that this information will not go anywhere further on the Internet in the sense of the owner of your office. So, the details of the purchase have already been discussed with the owner of the VAZ 2109, a date has been set, etc. Please do not consider this proposal as garbage, and we apologize if this letter is not relevant to the activities of your company.
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VAZ 2115 | Wheel alignment installation
Step-by-step diagram for adjusting wheel alignment with your own hands
Spare parts, diagnostics, work and wheel alignment were all done under warranty. Many people are reported with silent blocks when trying to do wheel alignment. Topic in the Chassis and Body Repair section, created by the user Cosmas. While driving, they got into the springs of the rear struts and had to fix it myself. It can be possible to make an alignment for a VAZ car. Ooh, and how to get to adjust the toe on nines with prioromotors. So I seem to have set it up correctly, made the alignment, but I would like to ABOUT THE FORUM. We are a club of owners and lovers of VAZ 2108, 2109, 21099, 2113, 21. VAZ Priora had the front suspension repaired, naturally destroyed, and adjusted. Do-it-yourself geometry of front wheel wheels using the example of the VAZ 2110. Accurate installation of wheel alignment should be carried out exclusively in a company workshop. The destruction of the wheels is measured in degrees, and the toe-in of the wheels, not counting the degrees, can be found using the distance in millimeters. We tune the VAZ 2114 with our own hands.
Do-it-yourself wheel alignment adjustment
While driving, the car must maintain its trajectory correctly. The steering and suspension are responsible for this. Have a nice day, dear readers. The lambda probe transmits the received information to how to make a lambda probe snag. Now we will tell you how to remove the steering wheel on a VAZ 2109 or just a nine and replace it with a new sports steering wheel. If there are differences in the operation of these systems, then it will be quite difficult to keep the car on the road. How to remove the steering wheel on a VAZ 2110-2112: 3 important points. To prevent similar problems, periodic maintenance of the chassis and adjustment of wheel alignment angles should be carried out.
The owner of the car can completely adjust the destruction and alignment of the wheels on his own. First, the machine must be installed on a lift or inspection pit. Checking the steering wheel. The number of revolutions from the center must be the same, and when the steering wheel is installed in the central position, the wheels must look correctly straight. Before work, the tire pressure is checked, as well as the integrity of the control system and suspension. If there are flaws in these systems, adjusting wheel alignment is practically useless.
Sources:
https://ladaprofi.ru/vaz-2109/kak-sdelat-razval-shozhdenie-svoimi-rukami-na-vaz-2109.html https://kalina-2.ru/remont-vaz/sdelat-razval-shozhdenie -svoimi-rukami-vaz-2115
Acceptable values (errors) for wheel alignment
There are certain limits that cannot be exceeded. In other words, as the left axle of the car is configured, so should it be the right axle. But it will not be possible to set the parameter with an accuracy of 0′, so certain errors are allowed, in which controllability and straight driving will not be affected.
- The camber difference (for example: left wheel 39′ - right wheel 33′ = 6′ permissible camber difference) should not exceed 30′ minutes, otherwise the car will drift to the side when driving.
- The same applies to the caster angle: the difference in angles (subtract the smaller angle from the larger angle) should not exceed 30′.
- Front axle offset - if this value is positive, then the left front wheel is closer to the rear than the right, if negative, vice versa. This parameter is very important, because it characterizes the state of the body geometry, and the closer this indicator is to zero, the better. The permissible deviation is 20-30 minutes.
