What compression should be on a VAZ 2115 ~ SIS26.RU

Engine compression and how to check it. Many people with this problem turn to the service, where they can hang noodles on their ears. If anyone is interested, read it) Thank you for your attention)

Engine compression, or rather the compression of engine cylinders, is an indicator of the viability of the engine. According to the scientific definition of engine compression, it will look like this - “The maximum air pressure in the combustion chamber achieved when the piston reaches top dead center during the compression stroke.” - which is of course correct.

As mentioned earlier, engine compression is one of the main indicators of the health of the engine. Many processes in the engine depend on the level of compression - fuel combustion, oil consumption, ease of starting the engine (with low compression, the engine does not start well), sneezing and farting of the engine as well can be caused by low compression or its absence in one or more engine cylinders; the engine may misfire due to weak compression in the cylinders. Low compression can also cause a drop in engine power; more precisely, when engine power drops, it is worth checking the compression.

There is no compression, compression has disappeared, let's look at the reasons for the disappearance of compression. The signs of the disappearance of compression are described above. Let's return to the reasons for the loss of compression. There can be quite a lot of them.

• Engine overheating may well be the main cause of low compression. With severe overheating, scuffing of the pistons and cylinders often occurs in the cylinders, the pistons can melt and burn out, there have been cases when the piston burned inward, that is, a hole formed in the middle of the piston. VAZ engines also often suffer; when overheated or due to service life, the piston ring partitions have a habit of crumbling, as a result of low compression, the engine farts, does not run, and needs repair.

• A malfunction in the gas distribution system can also cause a loss of compression. A valve burns out - compression is 2-3 - open the head, check the valves, change them, and grind them in.

• The timing belt or chain is broken - you’ll be lucky if the valves don’t bend, a new belt, drive on - low compression - most likely the valves are bent - remove the valve head and change the valve. Several teeth have slipped on the gear, the marks were wrong when installing the camshaft - at least incorrect valve timing , the engine farts, troits, works unstably, does not pick up or drop speed - at most the valves are bent.

• Valve adjustment - there is no clearance, the valve does not close, does not hold (one of the reasons why valves burn out), subsequently low or no compression. Too much clearance - the valve does not open enough due to incorrect adjustment or wear of parts, less flow enters the cylinders air, signs - a knock under the valve cover, is not difficult to recognize, not as scary as a jammed valve.

• A blown cylinder head gasket is an obvious reason; it is difficult not to notice when the engine is running. Or the gasket is burnt out and gases escape either into the cooling system or into the oil line.

• Wear of piston rings, pistons and wear and ellipse on the cylinder walls is also often accompanied by increased oil and fuel consumption.

• Cracks in the cylinder head.

• A clogged air filter makes it difficult for air to flow into the cylinders, and therefore also affects compression.

How to check compression in engine cylinders

To check and measure compression, we need a special device - a compression meter. Essentially, it is a pressure gauge, with extensions attached to it so that you can get to the most inaccessible hole, as well as adapters for different sizes of spark plugs. Compression gauges are also available separately for diesel and gasoline engines, since the compression in the cylinders of a diesel engine is an order of magnitude higher than that of a gasoline engine. At one time, two sets of compression gauges cost me 50 bucks, for some reason the diesel one was more expensive.

So, here’s how to check engine compression - in principle, if you have a compression gauge, then everything else will be found on its own. Before you begin all preparations for measuring compression, make sure that you are dealing with a well-charged battery and a live starter. This job requires 2 people.

— First, we need to unscrew all the spark plugs, but before that, clean out all the debris around the spark plugs (blow it out with a compressor, if any) so that it doesn’t get into the combustion chambers.

— Next, remove the air filter.

-Disconnect the power terminal of the ignition coil (on the carburetor from the distributor)

— Then we carefully screw the adapter into the hole for the spark plug (for diesel engines you will have to unscrew the injectors) and turn the starter while opening the throttle (carburetor) 100% so that the cylinder is completely filled.

— We check each cylinder.

— We look at the pressure gauge readings, analyze the spread in the readings between all cylinders.

If you notice that your engine is running worse, then it may be time to check the engine compression level. What should be the compression of VAZ 2114 8 valves? How can I check it? We will tell our readers about this in this article.

Compression standard in the engine cylinders of a VAZ 2114 car

The performance of the piston group depends on the compression in the engine cylinders; the VAZ-2114 standard is within the range of 13-14 bar, for example. But these dry numbers require explanation, since their meaning is not clear to many car owners. Any car owner can measure the real characteristics, but not everyone knows what compression should be in a working power unit under what criteria.

What influences this indicator?

These proportions are influenced by a huge number of reasons:

Volume of incoming gas. Namely, to ensure the normal level of pressure, the air filter should be changed in time.
Setting the valve timing.
Incorrect level of clearance adjustment in the drive of 1 of the eight valves.
Motor operating temperature. If it is significantly lower, then the pressure level will, accordingly, be an order of magnitude lower.
Disadvantages of oil scraper rings, also burnout of valves.
Gasoline, which for any reason enters one of the cylinders.

This is what a threaded device for measuring pressure looks like

Compression - what is it and what should it be?

Compression is a measure of the maximum pressure in the combustion chamber that the piston can create when it reaches TDC during the compression stroke.

Measuring this indicator gives an idea of the tightness of the chamber, which in turn depends on the condition of a number of elements - the piston and compression rings, valves with seats, head gasket, and the installed thermal gap in the timing belt.

Since the compression measurement technology itself is simple, and the data obtained as a result of its implementation makes it possible to estimate the remaining life of the power plant and identify a number of malfunctions, this diagnostic operation is quite common.

Although car power plants have a common design principle, they are structurally different, which also affects compression indicators.

Each engine has its own specific maximum pressure values in the combustion chambers, which must be indicated in the technical specifications. documentation for the car.

For example, for a VAZ-2106 a compression of 11 kgf/cm2 is considered normal, but for a VAZ-2110 this figure is already 13 kgf/cm2.

Note that when measuring, it is not necessary that the device should show values that correspond to the norm. As engine components wear, compression readings will drop.

Moreover, if they drop below a certain value, this will be a signal of extreme wear of the power plant’s CPG, and the need for major repairs.

Some variation in readings between cylinders is also allowed. However, it should not exceed 1 kgf/cm. sq.

That is, if measurements on a VAZ-2115 showed that the compression in the cylinders was 12 kgf in the 1st, 11 kgf in the 2nd, 12 kgf in the 3rd, 12 kgf in the 4th, then the power plant of the car will be considered to be in working order.

Read more about compression and compression ratio of a diesel engine.

Increase compression

Yes, in some situations the compression can rise to 15 bar, which is not the norm. There is an explanation for this: all possible gaps are sealed with oil, there is no other liquid nearby. When engine oil is sprayed onto the piston group from below, the excess is removed from the walls by oil scraper rings. But when it comes from above, from the side of the combustion chamber, and in large quantities, it has nowhere to go. Part of it burns together with the fuel, causing snow-white or bluish smoke to pour out of the exhaust pipe, and the other part seals the cracks.

Oil enters the combustion chamber for the following reasons:

valve oil deflectors (caps) have become unusable;
After long-term use, the bushings inside which the valve stems move broke.

A good technician will remove the first reason without removing the motor head from the block by replacing the caps. The second one will again require disassembly and pressing of new bushings.

Reasons for increasing compression

It becomes clear that a decrease in compression in the engine is associated with wear of the main parts, such as pistons and compression rings, main and connecting rod bearings, and valves. But what are the reasons for the increased compression?

When performing repair operations related to the gas distribution mechanism, an error was made in the adjustment work. which changed the order of operation of the unit, and, accordingly, the compression in the cylinders.
Heat on valves. Also, the accumulation of carbon deposits on the cylinder walls and throttle assembly leads to an increase in the degree of compression due to a decrease in space in the nodes.
Also, the reasons for the increase in compression in the cylinders include engine overheating.
The last prerequisite for the appearance of excessive compression is the “occlusion” of the valve stem seals. The malfunction is diagnosed quite easily - the spark plugs are unscrewed and the oil wells are examined. An oil film indicates that there is an excess of oil and the need to change the valve seals.

What causes too high compression?

Let's look at the main reasons:

Incorrect adjustment of the timing belt leads not only to increased compression, but also to decreased compression, depending on the direction of regulation.
The appearance of scale on the valves, which appears due to the use of low-quality gasoline, oil or other automotive chemicals. Carbon deposits on the throttle assemblies and in the combustion chamber also appear due to engine overheating. Thus, overheating of the internal combustion engine is not only a consequence, but also a cause of high pressure of the air-combustible mixture. The operating temperature of the VAZ 2114 8 valve engine should not exceed 85-90°C.
High compression can be caused by stuck oil seals. This reason is not difficult to detect. You just need to unscrew the spark plugs and inspect the cylinders. The appearance of an oil film on their walls will indicate an excess of oil in them, and the need to change the caps.

Compression is also affected by the level of oil pressure in the engine. If it is too high, then this leads to increased pressure of the air-combustible mixture.

Low pressure occurs if the rings are worn out or the valves are burnt out. The operating temperature of the engine also affects. If it is below normal, this will also affect the pressure of the air-combustible mixture.

The reasons for the lack of compression in the engine lie in improper operation and untimely preventive repairs. Sometimes air breaks through from several sides at once - for example, through valves, and at the same time through pistons with rings. Then the pressure disappears completely. It's simply not acceptable to let the car get into this state.

Taking measurements

The pressure must be determined on a warm engine, using a special pressure gauge - a compression gauge. The devices are of clamping and threaded type. The first ones need to be pressed with your hands, the second ones are screwed alternately into each cylinder. Measurements are performed as follows:

disconnect and remove the high voltage wires, unscrew the spark plugs;
insert or screw the working part of the compression gauge into the spark plug socket;
press the gas pedal and turn the crankshaft several times with the starter.

Repeat the operation on each cylinder in turn. If the device is of a clamping type, then the services of an assistant will be required for measurements. While you press the pressure gauge firmly against the hole, an assistant should press the accelerator pedal and start the starter. Having received the results, you can proceed to analysis.

Compressometer

Measuring compression indicators is best done with a compression meter operating on the principle of a pressure gauge. If the latter measures tire pressure and is designed for light loads, then the compression meter is a more powerful unit. Compare the pressure inside the engine and the tire, and then the difference between the two devices will become visible. However, the principle of their functioning is largely similar.

Today, there are three types of compression meters.

In addition to the fact that compression meters come in different types, they also differ in models.

A compression meter is a diagnostic unit that is part of the mandatory tools for maintenance. Experienced motorists use it to analyze the technical condition of the engine without using expensive service stations. A good compression meter allows you to carry out diagnostics yourself, without the help of an assistant, which is also considered a big plus. As soon as I noticed problems with the engine, I took it and checked it.

A prerequisite for a high-quality meter is the presence of a tip on it that allows you to screw the measuring device into the spark plug hole. Without such a threaded output, the measurement accuracy is reduced significantly.

It is also recommended to purchase a meter that is equipped with a compression breather in the tip itself, which is screwed into the spark plug hole. If the valve is located directly below the scale, the readings will be less accurate.

A conventional compression meter is most often used to determine the compression level in garage conditions. However, this measurement can be called uninformative, although it is still possible to clarify the overall picture.

For a more complete diagnosis, it is recommended to carry out the test using special equipment, preferably at a service station. For example, such an installation as the AGC is used to monitor the condition of the CPG. The measurement option is no different from the compression meter, but the AGC helps to measure the vacuum values, not the compression values in the cylinders.

AGC is also used to detect leaks that are associated with the combustion process. The installation helps determine the effectiveness of valve fit, assess the condition of the pistons, and detect coking or stuck rings.

Reasons for low pressure in the cylinders of the VAZ-2109 engine

Air compression will show why the pressure is low. To determine the compression stroke in a specific cylindrical device, place a thin and long screwdriver in the spark plug hole; you can replace it with a regular stick or a piece of wire. Hold the screwdriver with your hand and lower it directly onto the piston bottom. Next, rotate the crankshaft while holding the flywheel teeth in the clutch housing hatch.

When the air is compressed, the screwdriver comes out of the spark plug hole, following the direction from bottom to top. Your task is to determine the moment when the upward movement stops and changes into a downward movement following the piston; this is the intake stroke - the starting point of the piston movement and the end of the compression stroke.

Next, insert the hose coming from the compressor into the recess of the spark plug and transfer the air flow into the cylindrical structure, pumping up pressure from 2 to 3 atmospheres. The malfunction of the unit is determined by where the air comes from:

If air leaks through the adjacent recess into the spark plugs or appears in the expansion tank, it means the head gasket has burned out.
If the air flow comes out of the carburetor, the intake valve may be burnt out, and there is also the possibility of poor valve adjustment.
Air coming out of the muffler also indicates a burnt out exhaust valve or poor regulation.
If the air flow is directed from the breather, it can be assumed that the rings and pistons are worn.

READ How to Make a Stove Warmer VAZ 2115

How is compression measured?

To obtain reliable results, when measuring compression, you must adhere to the following rules:

warm up the engine to 70-90 degrees;
shut off the fuel supply: disconnect the fuel pump power wire or disconnect the fuel hose (so that a lot of fuel does not get into the cylinders);
remove all spark plugs to reduce rotational resistance;
make sure that the starter is in working order and the battery is charged (it is recommended to use a starter charger - then the shaft will be guaranteed to rotate at the same speed when measuring compression in different cylinders).

Methods for measuring compression on a hot engine

There are a couple of main ways to measure pressure in internal combustion engine cylinders: with an open or closed throttle. Here we mean carrying out the procedure with the accelerator pedal depressed or in the absence of influence on it. Each of these methods allows you to obtain different results that help you more accurately determine the cause of the lack of compression.

Measurements with the damper open

In this situation, a lot of air is supplied to the cylinders, and the average pressure will be in the range of 11-13 kg/sq.m. cm (true for AI95 gasoline). In this case, measurements of air mass leakage are comparable to the amount entering the cylinder of an internal combustion engine. That is, if the pressure is below normal, this means that leaks occur by an “alternative method.” This may be a loose fit of the valve to the seat, a flaw in the camshaft cam profile (in engines with hydraulic lifters) or its wear, as well as a lack of tightness of the cylinder head gasket or a through crack in the combustion chamber.

How to check compression in an engine with the throttle closed

Here the picture is different. There is little air entering the cylinders, causing the cylinder pressure to increase, increasing leaks. But their volume will still be less than the amount of supplied air. Compression should be 12-14 kgf/sq.m. see. This method can determine the most severe defects:

coking of rings (or their occurrence);
burnout of a valve (one or more) or pistons (the latter may break);
wear of the cylinder walls.

Measurements with oil added to cylinders

Both of the above methods do not allow taking into account the increase in pressure when the crankshaft rotates. For example, if it is low during the first steps - 4-5 kg/sq.m. cm, and then increases sharply, this may indicate wear or breakage of the piston rings. However, it makes sense to conduct additional testing. How to check compression taking into account the increase in pressure? To do this, pour a little (4-5 ml) of engine oil into the cylinder. This will increase compression, raise pressure on the first stroke and prevent gases from breaking through the rings into the crankcase. If the measured parameters have not changed, then it can be said with a high degree of probability that the cylinder head gasket is broken or the piston is burned out. When the pressure changes upward, we can talk about the occurrence, deformation or coking of the rings.

Checking compression on a cold engine

This method is usually used in case of difficult starting. The pressure in the cylinders of a cold engine is sometimes 2 times (6-7 kg/sq. cm) less than normal when the parts of the cylinder-piston group are seriously worn out. After starting and subsequent warming up of the power unit, the compression rises by 3-5 units. If this is not the case, a major engine overhaul is needed. That is, it is obvious that a comprehensive check (both “cold” and “hot”) is more effective.

Checking compression with compressed air

This method allows you to more accurately understand the reason for the decrease in pressure in the problem cylinder. Adjust the piston to TDC on the compression stroke (all spark plugs must be removed and at the same time remove the plug from the oil filler neck). Next, you will need a compressor, with which you need to supply air under a pressure of 2 to 3 atmospheres into the “suspected” cylinder. If air comes out of the spark plug hole located nearby, it means the cylinder head gasket is damaged. A hissing sound from under the lowest carburetor gasket indicates a loose fit (or burnout) of the intake valve. Air flow from the neck indicates a violation of the integrity of the piston body or its burnout. And if hissing comes from the muffler pipe, it means the exhaust valve is faulty. The last trouble is the most common.

Below is a table of normal compression for the most popular cars:

How to analyze the obtained compression meter readings

The analysis of the obtained data is carried out based on 3 parameters at once:

Maximum pressure value. Excellent pressure, which should ideally be in the VAZ-2109, is from 12 to 13 kg/cm2, which is approximately 1.2 to 1.3 MPa.
Normal pressure is considered to be from 10 to 11 kg/cm2. (1-1.1 MPa).
You cannot do without repairs if the compression gauge shows values from 8 to 9 kg/cm2, which is from 0.8 to 0.9 MPa.

Step by step instructions

The first thing you will need to measure the pressure level in the engine is a device with which you will do this. How can we measure this coefficient? The device for this is called a “compressometer”. Such a device can be of several types:

universal device;
threaded;
flexible;
clamping

This is what the pressure measuring device looks like disassembled

You will need to find such a device. Also, in this matter you will need the help of a friend, since you will have to simultaneously perform some actions both inside the cabin and in the engine compartment. In addition to the compression gauge, prepare a wrench for removing the spark plugs. Please note that it is better not to perform any work if the battery is not working. Therefore, fully charge your battery. So, let's start checking:

First, get behind the wheel and start the engine. Let it idle and warm up to 90 degrees, that is, to operating temperature.
After this, open the hood and take the key to remove the spark plugs. You need to remove the high-voltage wires, and then dismantle all the spark plugs. The wires fit to the spark plugs, you just need to pull them out.
Now remove the ECU fuse to avoid possible damage to the device.
When the spark plug is dismantled, you need to install your device in its hole to check the pressure level. Do this carefully so as not to damage the threads.
Now you will need a friend's help. Ask him to sit in the driver's seat. The assistant must press the gas pedal all the way so that the throttle valve can open completely.
Then turn on the starter and turn the crank pulley with it. This is done until the readings on the compression gauge stop increasing. As a rule, this takes no more than 10 seconds. In this case, the crank pulley must rotate, and its rotation speed should not exceed 100 rpm.
Now you can read the received readings. Better write them down. Remember what the compression and compare these readings with the received ones. Once the readings are recorded, the device's needle can be set to zero.
This procedure should be repeated for each cylinder of the VAZ 2114 8 valve engine.

As you understand, there is nothing particularly difficult in this procedure. You just need to carry out all the measuring steps correctly and you will get the most accurate results.

Causes of malfunction

There are a number of reasons why the required compression level may fall below established standards. Therefore, before checking the pressure and carrying out repairs, you should understand the possible causes of the problem.

The manufacturer indicates the normal compression level and compression ratio for each engine. At the same time, these characteristics are confused, considering them one of the same. The compression ratio is the ratio of the total volume of the cylinder to the volume of the combustion chamber.

To calculate the optimal compression ratio for an engine, use the formula:

Compression = Compression Ratio * K Factor.

In the case of gasoline engines, the coefficient is 1.2, while for diesel versions it is 1.8.

Why is verification needed?

The compression of the VAZ 2114 8 valve engine indicates the working condition of the engine. This indicator determines the engine power and its service life. The process of measuring the compression of a VAZ 2114 8-valve engine should be carried out at least every 20-30 thousand kilometers. In addition, this should be done before purchasing a car.

VAZ 2114 car with 8 valve engine

Compression itself is the level of pressure that is generated at the end of the compression stroke in the cylinder. That is, if you notice that the engine of your VAZ 2114 8 valves has become worse, namely, the consumption of gasoline and motor fluid has increased, and the power has decreased, then you need to check it. Engine diagnostics first of all includes checking the compression level. This is one of the few procedures that will reveal the condition of the power unit without disassembling it. But what should be the compression in a VAZ 2114 8-valve engine?

This question came to every car enthusiast. If its level is too high, then less gases will enter the engine crankcase. Accordingly, a more saturated gas flow will perform useful work. But if the level is excessively low, then this will affect the power of the car and the maximum possible speed that the car can reach. In addition, the acceleration dynamics will decrease by an order of magnitude. So what should the compression of the VAZ 2114 8 valves be?

The normal level should be at least 10 bar.

In this case, the difference between the cylinders should not be more than 1 bar. If, as a result of the measurement, you find that from the first to the fourth cylinder the pressure level is 11, 12, 11, 12 bar, then the engine is operating normally. But if the indicators differ significantly, for example, 11, 8, 13, 10, then it is necessary to repair the car. Ideally, the compression for a VAZ 2114 8-valve engine should be 14 bar in each cylinder.

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Engine compression indicates the condition of the engine, its service life, power, and torque. This procedure must be performed every 20-30 thousand kilometers, as well as before purchasing a car. Even when checking at a service center, YOU will need knowledge on how to correctly measure compression, because service people love to deceive and make money from you.

Compression is the pressure created in the cylinder at the end of the compression stroke. Another term is appropriate here: Engine compression ratio. Engine compression ratio What compression should be in the cylinders of a VAZ engine? Normal engine compression is at least 10 bar (1.0 MPa), and the difference between the cylinders should not exceed 1 bar (0.1 MPa).

If your compression is 11-12-11-12 from cylinders 1 to 4, then the engine is fine, but do not forget to adjust the valves every 2500 km. If you have 11-9-12-11, then you need to look for the cause and make repairs, because driving in such conditions will only kill the engine. How much should the ideal compression be? The ideal compression should be 14 bar for an 8-valve engine in each cylinder with minimal variation (14-14-14-14). How to measure compression? There is a special device for measuring compression, it is called a compression meter.

These devices come in two types: clamping, universal, flexible and threaded. How to measure engine compression? To check the compression we need a spark plug wrench, a charged battery and a compression gauge. You also can’t do without an assistant. 4) PPPPP The assistant presses the gas all the way and starts the car within 6-10 seconds.

5) PPPPP We remember the compression gauge readings and carry out similar operations on the remaining cylinders. Low and different compression in the engine, what to do? If, after checking the compression, the compression meter shows below 10 bar in at least one cylinder, then you urgently need to find out the cause and fix the problem, otherwise you risk losing compression in the remaining cylinders. If for example you don't have enough compression in the 1.4P and any other cylinder,

2) Spray oil into the hole that appears. 3) We measure the compression again.

If, after re-measuring, the compression has increased, it means

rings are worn out. If the result remains the same then

valves are burnt out or jammed. Stiff valves can be adjusted, and burnt valves can be replaced. High compression in the engine.

Main reasons. Don't be too happy if your compression readings are off the charts, this is in no way indicative of how cool your engine is. As stated above, the ideal compression for an 8-valve engine is 14-14-14-14. If your compression is higher than these numbers, then it’s time to think about malfunctions. High compression can damage the partitions of the pistons and tear the cylinders. The following are the main causes of increased/high compression:

Greater compression is created due to excess oil in the cylinder, which is why it is sometimes also called oil compression

2) PPPPP The oil scraper rings are worn out or stuck.

(In such cases, oil consumption is inevitable. Check the oil level:

Also pay attention to starting the engine after a long period of parking, for example, in the morning. When oil is consumed in the engine, the exhaust will be black). 3) PPPPP There may be carbon deposits in the cylinders.

Try to get rid of it by decoking. If you encounter the problems outlined below, it is possible, BUT NOT FAR A FACT, that your engine has insufficient compression. Therefore, you don’t need to pay attention to the signs, but you just need to measure the compression. 2) PPPPP PHigh fuel consumption (How to increase engine compression in other ways? There are several options for increasing compression without repair. These operations do not guarantee an increase in compression, but you can try.

But it is still recommended to eliminate the malfunction by mechanical action to eliminate the malfunction: re-install the rings or replace the valve. I tried it myself, it really works. The valve could be jammed and therefore not close, resulting in a compression leak. 2) PPPPP Roskoksovka removes carbon deposits and excess oil in the cylinder.

Causes of increased compression in engine cylinders

For most experienced car enthusiasts, it is well known that the ease of starting the internal combustion engine, as well as the stability of the further operation of the power unit, directly depends on the compression ratio in a gasoline or diesel internal combustion engine. Compression also greatly affects power, fuel and engine oil consumption, as well as the life of the power plant.

Compression measurement for VAZ 2115

It is enough to unscrew the spark plugs on a gasoline engine or the glow plugs on a diesel engine, after which a compression gauge is installed through an adapter into the spark plug wells. Then the engine is cranked from the starter, measuring the compression readings in each cylinder and comparing them with the norm for a particular type of internal combustion engine.

However, although measurements are relatively easy to take, accurately determining the cause of deviations from the norm is much more difficult, since compression can be low or high for a variety of reasons. Next we will talk about why increased compression occurs in the engine, and why it can also decrease.

READ What Pressure Should Gazelle Tires Have?

Checking engine compression

Calculator for converting pressure in bar to MPa, kgf and psi

Online converter to convert pressure in megapascals (mPa) to kilograms (kgf cm2), bar, pound force (psi) and atmosphere

An engine compression test is performed to find faults in an internal combustion engine. Compression is the compression of the mixture in the cylinder under the influence of external forces. It is measured as the compression ratio multiplied by 1.3. When measuring compression, you can find a cylinder that is malfunctioning .

If the car has various kinds of problems, such as a drop in power, loss of oil, friction in the engine, then check the spark plugs, sensors, and inspect the engine for damage and leaks. When such checks do not bring results, then they resort to measuring compression. How to determine it using the example of a VAZ classic is shown in this video.

yourself using a compression gauge . At service stations, such checks are done using a compressor or motor tester.

High compression in the engine

So, as mentioned above, compression in the power unit can be influenced by a number of factors. Let's start with increased compression. First of all, increased compression usually indicates that there is a problem with the engine. As a rule, the main symptom is unstable engine operation, discoloration of the exhaust and increased oil consumption.

Typically, in many cases, car enthusiasts are faced with so-called “oil” compression, when general engine coking and problems with oil scraper rings lead to excess oil and carbon deposits actually reducing the volume of the combustion chamber. The result is an increase in compression.

In other words, an increase in compression is caused by carbon deposits on the timing valves, the accumulation of coke in the combustion chamber and the occurrence of oil scraper rings. A common cause is also engine overheating, when oil loses its properties due to high temperatures and quickly contaminates the combustion chamber.

Other reasons include the use of additives in the lubrication system, pouring inappropriate or low-quality oil for the engine, constant operation of the engine on low-grade fuel, etc.

What is the compression of the VAZ 2114 engine or recovery with the Wagner additive (Windigo)

Let us also add that deviations from the norm can be caused by incorrect installation of valve timing. Simply put, errors when aligning the pulleys when replacing a timing belt or chain will lead to the drive element jumping several teeth (on an internal combustion engine with a belt) or links (on chain engines) forward or backward.

To avoid possible problems, it is necessary to pay special attention to the location of the marks on the pulleys, engine housing, etc., that is, set the timing drive, and also correctly tension the chain or belt.

Also, the cause of high compression may be a combination of problems with valve stem seals and rings. If, after unscrewing the spark plugs in the cylinders, a clear excess of oil is visible in the form of a thick oil film on the cylinder walls, then this clearly indicates the need to replace the valve seals.

If we summarize the information why increased compression occurred in the engine, the reasons are as follows:

there is a lot of oil in the engine cylinders (rings are stuck, valve seals are worn, etc.);
change in the volume of the combustion chamber as a result of the accumulation of deposits and soot, as well as engine overheating and deposits of burnt oil;

In practice, this requires several repeated measurements on a hot engine, preferably with different and pre-calibrated instruments. There have been cases when at one station the driver’s compression was determined after measurements, for example, 12.5-13, and at another service the readings for all cylinders were already about 16.

To solve the problem of high compression, you can use several available methods. The first is disassembling the engine, physically cleaning the pistons and combustion chamber from carbon deposits, replacing rings, valve stem seals, etc. A cheaper and less effective solution is to decarbonize the engine. In a nutshell, an active cleaner is poured into the combustion chamber for a certain time to remove carbon deposits and coke, after which the deposits washed off the walls and surfaces then burn out while the engine is running.

What compression should a healthy engine have?

The pressure inside the volume is determined by the amount of incoming gas. In an internal combustion engine, this depends on the power of the throttle valve and the capacity of the air filter. Therefore, it is very important to promptly change a clogged filter element.
During the process of adjustment or repair work, auto mechanics may make inaccuracies in establishing gas distribution phases. As a result, the closing timing of the intake valve changes. The cycle is destroyed, which leads to a change in pressure in the cylinders.
Improper adjustment of the valve actuator clearances will also cause compression to deviate from maximum efficiency.
Engine power, which directly depends on the compression ratio in the cylinders, depends on the engine temperature. If for some reason it is significantly lower than the working one, then the compression in the cylinders will be less, and, accordingly, the power will decrease.
Due to the burnout of valves and cylinder walls, rings form, some other mechanical damage to the piston group occurs, and mixture leaks from the cylinder during the compression stroke. As a result, compression is reduced.
For some reason, the cylinder receives excess fuel, gasoline settles on the inner walls and dumps oil from them, reduces the seal and leads to additional air leaks, as well as a decrease in the power of the power unit.
a proper layer of oil on the cylinder walls creates sealing gaps and reduces leakage;
an increase in engine temperature heats the parts, the metal of which expands, and they are closer to each other, preventing the formation of unnecessary gaps, resulting in increased engine power;
The higher the crankshaft rotates, the more sharply the piston moves, and the compression occurs more efficiently, this also increases the pressure in the cylinder and, accordingly, the engine power.

What affects engine compression

Throttle position . When the throttle is closed or covered, the pressure decreases
Air filter dirty.
Incorrect valve timing when the valve closes and opens at the wrong times. This happens when the belt or chain is installed incorrectly.
The valves do not close on time due to gaps in their drive.
Motor temperature . The higher its temperature, the higher the temperature of the mixture. Therefore, the pressure is lower.
Air leak . Air leaks reduce compression. They are caused by damage or natural wear of the combustion chamber seals.
Oil entering the combustion chamber increases compression.
If fuel enters in the form of droplets , then compression is reduced - the oil, which plays the role of a sealant, is washed off.
Lack of tightness in the compression gauge or check valve.
Crankshaft rotation speed . The higher it is, the higher the compression; there will be no leaks due to depressurization.

CORRECT COMPRESSION

How much compression should be in the engine for its long-term and trouble-free operation? Long-term practice of operating cars shows that ideally it should be 14 barrels in each cylinder. But a reduction to 11 barrels is allowed, provided that the difference in compression in the cylinders should be no more than 1 barrel. For example, a compression pattern of 11-12-11-12 is considered acceptable, but if the pressure in different cylinders is 11-12-11-9, or another combination of indicators that differs from normal, then the engine already needs repair.

What compression should be on a VAZ 2114 8 valve also depends on how long and under what conditions the car is operated. Ideal pressure, as a rule, occurs with a new engine, or one that has just come out of a major overhaul. During vehicle operation, compression may drop by 1-2 barrels. And this will also be within the normal range.

A new engine is the key to good pressure

Compression measurement results

The results of compression measurements show the condition of the engine, in particular the pistons, piston rings, valves, camshafts, and allow decisions to be made about the need for repair or just replacement of the head gasket or valve stem seals.

On gasoline engines, normal compression is in the range of 12-15 bar. If we take a closer look, the trend will be as follows:

front-wheel drive domestic cars and old foreign cars - 13.5-14 bar;
rear-wheel drive carburetor – up to 11-12;
new foreign cars are 13.7-16 bar, and turbocharged cars and with a large volume up to 18 bar.
in the cylinders of a diesel car, the compression should be at least 25-40 atm.

The table below shows more accurate compression pressure values for different engines:

engine's type	Value, bar	Wear limit, bar
1.6, 2.0 l	10,0 — 13,0	7,0
1.8 l	9,0 — 14,0	7,5
3.0, 4.2 l	10,0 — 14,0	9,0
1.9 L TDI	25,0 — 31,0	19,0
2.5 l TDI	24,0 — 33,0	24,0

Repair

As can be seen from what was said above, there are many circumstances for different compression in the cylinders. In this case, repairs cannot always be carried out yourself, especially if you lack the ability. In this case, it is recommended to contact 100 specialists.

COMPRESSION MEASUREMENT VAZ 2106

Candle key
Compressometer

A compressor is a device that allows you to measure the pressure in the cylinders of an internal combustion engine on various automotive systems, ranging from diesel to gasoline power units. When choosing such equipment, it is very important to keep in mind that with a threaded fitting, the indicators will be somewhat more accurate than with a regular one (which has to be pressed during measurement). So it is best to use a threaded fitting. My Jonnesway compression gauge has both one and the other type. You can clearly see it in the photo below:

READ How to Recline the Rear Seat on a VAZ 2115

So, below is a detailed list of actions that must be performed to check the pressure in the cylinders. It is worth paying attention that the car engine must be warmed up, preferably to operating temperature, at least 70-80 degrees. After this, it is necessary to shut off the fuel line so that when the starter rotates, gasoline does not enter the combustion chamber. To do this, after installing the fuel filter, you can remove the hose and plug it with a bolt of the required size, for example, or simply clamp it, securing it with a clamp. And then start the engine and wait until it stalls on its own. Next, you need to unscrew all the spark plugs from 4 cylinders.

Traditional methods of increasing compression

It is noted that the methods described below cannot be a 100% guarantee that cylinder compression will increase.

How to correctly measure compression on an injector: important recommendations

Compression is usually called the degree of air pressure in the cylinders of a machine’s power unit. The measurement is carried out when the piston of the 1st cylinder is at TDC. It is no secret that as the machine operates, the compression ratio may decrease. From the article you will learn how to correctly measure compression on an injector, what it is and why it drops.

First of all, a drop in compression is usually understood as wear and tear of rubbing parts in the engine. Over time, any parts wear out and the compression level drops.

Compression in a VAZ 2107 engine and methods for measuring it

Many car owners are aware that a lot depends on the compression in the VAZ 2107 engine. If this parameter is much lower than normal and, moreover, differs from cylinder to cylinder, then this indicates serious problems that need to be eliminated immediately. According to most experts, an excellent indicator for a new, well-run VAZ 2107 engine should be 12 atmospheres of compression. Of course, many motors do not have such parameters, but a value of at least 10 Bar would be quite normal.

Why check

It is recommended to check the compression on the VAZ 2110 regularly to prevent possible malfunctions and problems with the engine. Measurements are taken with the throttle valve open and closed. Each test option gives its own results and data on the condition of the engine.

Checking with the valve open allows you to determine:

Problems and damage on cylinder surfaces;
Deformation, burnout of valves;
Sticking or coking of piston rings.

If you check the compression with the throttle closed, you can find out:

Are the valves stuck?
Is there a tight fit to the valve seat?
If a hydraulic tappet is present, the presence of defects in the camshaft cam profile is determined.

Signs of low compression and how to measure it on a VAZ engine

Compression on a VAZ 2114 should be measured every 30 thousand kilometers. This is usually done in conjunction with adjusting the valves. However, signs of low compression may not only appear with a routine check. As you use your car, signs of poor compression are easy to spot; you just need to keep a close eye on your engine. These are phenomena such as:

ICE strength drops sharply;
the engine fires, this can happen when low compression occurs in one cylinder;
significantly increases oil and gasoline consumption.

Synthetic lubricants

Because synthetic lubricants reduce friction, they are often used to increase engine compression. Additives help ensure minimal friction between moving parts, which cannot be achieved with conventional oil. They do not fade under conditions of high temperature and pressure, and also provide good cold running. Compression recovery additives are designed to be more stable in terms of low-temperature slip, high-temperature performance and protection against various combustion fuel deposits. Regenerative additives help engines run longer, significantly extending their service life.

There are also various tribological compounds that allow you to increase compression in the engine without disassembling and are actively advertised by various information resources and service stations themselves, but the result of their work is very doubtful.

Correct compression (norms) for VAZ-2114

According to the regulatory and technical documentation, a limit value of compression in the cylinders of the VAZ-2114 engine has been established. Thus, an increase or decrease in the indicator is not considered normal, since excessive compression of the air-fuel mixture in the engine can lead to not very good consequences.

Also, it is worth noting that the compression in all cylinders should be relatively equal. Different indicators are not the norm and these are the first signs of a major engine overhaul.

Normal compression in the engine cylinder

As practice and many years of experience of motorists show, the compression in the cylinders should be 14 bar, but the lower limit should drop below 11 bar.

When measuring, the difference in compression between the cylinders should not exceed 1 bar.

How to measure compression without a compression gauge

Is it possible to measure compression without a device? Practice shows that yes, it is possible. But this method will give relative and approximate readings. To measure the compression indicator without instruments, remove the spark plugs from all cylinders except the one being tested. Manually rotate the crankshaft until the compression stroke ends (watch the marks - they should match). Perform this operation on all cylinders one by one. Where the pressure is low, it will take less effort to turn the crankshaft. In this way, of course, you will not get accurate compression readings in the engine. But it is possible to understand the presence of problems.

It is recommended to measure compression every 20-30 thousand kilometers, so every car enthusiast is recommended to have his own compression gauge. Its price is not so high that it is worth saving on it.

The approximate price of a device for measuring engine compression in online stores in the capital is from 600 rubles to 2 thousand. Branded models from Western manufacturers are more expensive – up to 8 thousand. In the regions, a device for measuring compression costs no more than in the capital. Its price varies depending on the manufacturer.

INJECTION ENGINE PRESSURE

Below you will learn how to correctly measure compression in a VAZ 2114 engine with injection type power.

Compression test for 8 valve engine

If in at least one cylinder the pressure gauge shows a pressure below 10 barrels, then we need to look for the reason for such a low indicator. Otherwise, very soon it will fall in other cylinders.

Fill a medical syringe with about 10 milligrams of oil and spray it into the cylinder. Take the measurement again. If the pressure gauge readings increase, it means the piston rings are worn out and require replacement. If it remains at the same low level, then it is necessary to adjust the clamped valves or replace the burnt valves.

How to measure compression with a compression meter

A device consisting of a pressure gauge and a rubberized tube that measures compression in the engine is called a compression gauge.

The following devices are used:

clamping,
universal,
flexible,
threaded

Experts believe that of all types of compression gauges, it is better to use threaded ones. They provide more accurate information. It is necessary to measure the compression in the engine in each cylinder separately. The measuring instrument hose is inserted into the spark plug socket.

Now that everything is ready for measurements, start the engine and squeeze the gas all the way, let the engine run for a while. Check the pressure gauge readings and record them. Move the compression tester hose to the next spark plug hole, and take measurements in the second and subsequent cylinders in the same way. Write down all the results and compare them.

PREPARATION FOR MEASUREMENTS

Engine compression is measured with a fully charged battery. After charging and installing the power source in place, check the starter. It should create any problems either. Then warm up the engine. Its temperature during measurements should be 70-90 O C.

It is necessary to unscrew all spark plugs from all holes. Also unscrew the fuel hose to stop the fuel supply. Prepare the compression gauge for use.

Compressometer

Sources:

https://kaemavto.ru/stati/kakaya-dolzhna-byt-kompressiya-na-vaz-2114.html https://rockymotion.ru/kakaja-kompressija-dolzhna-byt-v-dvigatele-vaz/ https:/ /avtotop.info/kakaja-kompressija-dolzhna-byt-na-vaz-2115/

What compression should be on a VAZ-2109 car

All owners of domestic cars know the first symptoms of problems with the VAZ-2109 engine: poor dynamics, increased gas mileage, partial or almost complete lack of response to the gas pedal, lack of traction, the car moves with great effort, black smoke comes from the exhaust pipe . First, an experienced driver blames the spark plugs, and then the piston system comes into question. To check the condition of the piston rings, an independent diagnosis of the operation of machine parts is carried out.

To do this, you need to determine the engine compression.

Even if the carburetor is acting up, you need to check the compression first - this approach will allow you to accurately detect faults in the VAZ-2109, eliminate them and proceed to regulating the carburetor.

Why measure compression?

It makes sense to measure compression when you notice one of the following symptoms:

reduction in engine power (reduced traction, increased acceleration time);
increased oil consumption;
interruptions in engine operation (if replacing spark plugs and checking the coils did not yield anything);
increased fuel consumption.

The nominal compression value in a particular engine design is influenced by a variety of factors, so check the exact value and permissible deviations in the repair manual for your car.

Measuring the compression in the cylinders will help to identify the malfunction in a timely manner.

Recommendations

It’s just the Chinese crap that’s overpricing. 16 is the wrong number

Engine compression and compression ratio. What it is?

Compression is the maximum air pressure in the combustion chamber at the end of the compression stroke. The engine compression ratio is the ratio of the total volume of the cylinder to the volume of the combustion chamber. Compression ratio. On a forced engine, depending on the final task, the compression ratio can vary significantly, reaching values of 11 - 11.5. All this is aimed at extracting maximum power from a motor of a specific size. The higher the compression ratio, the higher the power density. True, this will inevitably reduce the service life and sharply increase the risk of problems with the engine when refueling with low-quality fuel. One refueling with questionable fuel can quickly kill a “stressed” engine. So, when boosting the engine, it will not be possible to save on the quality of gasoline. Therefore, when tuning the engine, the compression ratio does not increase very significantly, usually in order to switch to a brand of gasoline that is next to the one already used in terms of octane number. In principle, indirectly, the value of the compression ratio can be judged by the brand of gasoline used - you can drive an AI-80 with a compression ratio of 9.0, and an AI-92 - up to 10.0 (provided that the gasoline meets the declared characteristics). Increasing the compression ratio - a complex process that requires precise calculations and very highly qualified mechanics. Therefore, it is highly not recommended to do this yourself. Compression. As mentioned above, compression is the pressure in the cylinder. This is why compression depends on the compression ratio (the pressure in a smaller volume will always be greater, i.e., as the compression ratio increases, the compression increases). By the amount of compression you can preliminarily judge the condition of the engine.

It is important to carry out the compression measurement procedure correctly. To do this you need: the engine is warmed up, the battery is fully charged, the throttle is open, the air filter is removed, all spark plugs are unscrewed

In this mode, a fully charged battery will allow the starter to spin the engine up to 200 rpm. Compression in all cylinders should be equal. If the compression level decreases, it is necessary to find out the cause of the drop. It could be piston rings or problems in the valve mechanism, you can find out this way. 15-20 grams are injected into the problematic cylinders using a syringe. motor oil. The measurement procedure is repeated. If the pressure gauge readings have increased, the reason for the drop is in the piston rings; if they remain at the same level, it is in the valves.

Go herd the geese, you see he is silent, he has already measured the COMPRESSION, but the degree of compression is not measured, it is CALCULATED!

I taught Pallas's cat that compression and compression ratio are two different things, but we measure compression, and compression ratio is always higher than compression, STUDENT!

What are you talking about?

You got it wrong, if the compression is 11 then the compression ratio is 18, take the manul to school, September 1 is not far away.

There is a conversation, what amperage do you have on the Prior? And look, which one has a diesel engine, so you lamented, and I don’t need to go anywhere, I’m speaking after the fact. A long time ago there was a V8 belt with a 1.3 engine, I installed the piston from the V, and what happened was that everything was fine when it was cold, but when the engine was hot it wouldn’t start, the starter just wouldn’t crank. I measured the compression in the first 15 in the remaining 14, I had to remove the head and put on another gasket, and it became normal everywhere 12 and still drives like that. So throw away this compression gauge, Chinese antlers are not known for the boys who don’t understand anything

And where have you seen a diesel engine, it’s only started from the launcher? And the physics of diesel ignition is a high compression ratio, so don’t bother me, I repair engines, both diesel and gasoline, and I understand a lot. And for example, look under the hood of a Mitsibisi El 200, and you will see 2, I repeat 2, batteries to start the engine.

In short, I’ll replace it with an expensive compression meter in the near future0

gee gee! do you have a diesel engine? In general, if the compression is above thirteen, then something is wrong in the engine. and when it’s hot it’s unlikely to start at 16, the starter won’t crank

Post a video? everything starts up fine

Diesel has at least 23

Naive, I will never believe that there is such compression, because I repair engines.

Source

Diagnosing faults

After taking measurements in all cylinders, you should pay attention to two points. The first is whether the measured compression corresponds to the minimum permissible value

The first is whether the measured compression corresponds to the minimum permissible value.

It is determined by the engine developers and is indicated in the repair manual.

The second is the difference in compression values in different cylinders of the same engine.

As a rule, it should not exceed 20% of the nominal value.

If you find that the pressure in any of the cylinders is below normal, inject three portions of oil into it from a manual oil can.

Do not inject more than three portions of oil, as excess oil can lead to the formation of a hydrostatic plug, which can cause breakage of the rings, piston, or even lead to a crack in the cylinder head.

The oil will seal the gap between the rings and the cylinder, and if the reason for the low compression was in this gap, then with such a “wet” test the compression should increase significantly.

Then check the condition of the rings, and if one of them is damaged or stuck, replace it.

If compression behaves this way in all cylinders, then it’s probably time for a serious repair with boring the cylinders and installing rings of the next repair size.

The effect of additives that increase compression is based on the effect of sealing gaps, similar to an oil wedge.

This is the easiest way to restore to some extent the former agility of the engine.

Only in this case you need to remember that their effect is quite short-lived, and repeated use no longer has such an effect.

Therefore, this method is often used before selling a car, so as not to spend money on expensive engine repairs.

If, after injecting oil into the cylinder, the compression changes slightly, then most likely the reason for its drop is a malfunction of the valve group or a broken cylinder head gasket.

From all that has been said, another conclusion follows: low, but approximately equal in all cylinders, compression indicates natural wear of engine parts, but a sharply different drop in one or more cylinders indicates a malfunction.

Sometimes damage or wear to the oil ring can cause compression to rise above the values set for a new engine.

This occurs because the worn ring does not remove excess oil from the cylinder walls, and it seals the gap between the cylinder and the compression rings, and then, during the power stroke of the piston, the oil burns out, forming carbon deposits on the cylinder head.

If this process continues for a long time, then the carbon layer becomes so significant that it leads to a decrease in the volume of the combustion chamber, and therefore to an increase in compression.

This phenomenon is dangerous due to engine detonation. It also leads to increased oil consumption.

Video: measuring compression correctly

Compression is an important indicator of engine health. If it is normal, then we can speak with confidence about the serviceability of its main parts: the cylinder head, cylinders, pistons, piston rings and valve group.

If the measured compression values differ from the values permissible by the engine manufacturer, then this is a reason to quickly determine and eliminate the cause of the malfunction.

Compression measurement of gasoline and diesel engines

The list of general requirements in order to accurately measure compression includes:

The engine must be warmed up to 80-90 degrees;
The fuel supply must be turned off;
All candles without exception must be unscrewed;
The starter must be absolutely in good working order;
The battery must be fully charged;

In the case of a manual gearbox, you can engage the upper (over) gear and also prevent the vehicle from moving. To do this, use the parking brake and/or wheel chocks. It is also possible to measure compression in the “neutral” position of the manual transmission lever. In cars with an automatic transmission, the selector is set to parking mode (P).
The next step is to check the condition of the air filter. Before measuring compression, a dirty filter is replaced with a new one. The second method is to temporarily disconnect the air supply line from the inlet.
In gasoline internal combustion engines, the ignition system will need to be turned off. To do this, it is necessary to disconnect the wiring from the breaker to supply low voltage, which is supplied to the ignition coil. Motors equipped with an ignition distributor will require removal of the main high-voltage wire from the coil. The specified wire is then connected to ground.
To effectively shut off the fuel supply in designs that include a mechanical fuel pump, the fuel line will need to be disconnected. Next, the pipe is turned off. For an electric fuel pump, it will be enough to remove the contact from its relay.
Afterwards, the places for installing the spark plugs are cleaned of dirt and the tips of the high-voltage wires are removed from the spark plugs. Then the candles are unscrewed.
With the spark plugs removed, you will need to turn the engine over several times with the starter. The procedure is necessary to clean the cylinders from possible carbon deposits and other deposits.
The last step is to connect the compression gauge to the spark plug well of the cylinder. It is better to measure compression with a partner who will press the accelerator pedal all the way. The gas pedal is depressed so that the compression measurement is carried out with the throttle valve open, and due to this, the intake resistance is reduced. With the pedal depressed, the engine is turned with the starter for about 5 seconds. It is necessary to monitor when the highest value appears on the scale. The indicated value is noted and further measurements are taken in other engine cylinders.

As for the features of measuring compression on a diesel engine, then:

Turning off the fuel supply in a diesel engine is achieved by pressing down the cut-off lever. This lever is located on the injection pump. The second way is to turn off the solenoid valve, which will also block the fuel supply to the diesel internal combustion engine. This valve is located on the fuel line, which is responsible for supplying fuel.
The compression gauge in a diesel engine is connected through the holes of the injectors or glow plugs. This depends on which elements are more convenient to reach, as well as according to the recommendations for a particular type of diesel engine.
To measure compression on a diesel engine, you will need a special compression meter, which will have an appropriate tip for secure fastening in the hole of the injector or glow plug. The maximum measurement threshold for such a compression meter for a diesel engine should be higher compared to its gasoline counterpart. A diesel compressometer should be able to record a pressure of about 60 atmospheres.
When measuring diesel compression, there is no need to press the gas pedal. The fact is that most diesel engines do not have a throttle valve. Only diesel engines that have a special valve in the intake stand separately. The valve is necessary to create vacuum. The vacuum will ensure the functionality of the vacuum regulator and brake booster.

The fuel supply must be turned off so that the fuel does not wash away the so-called oil wedge. To stop the fuel supply, you can use one of the listed methods to turn off the fuel pump, fuel injection pump or injectors. The spark plugs must be unscrewed.

If you take measurements by unscrewing only the spark plug in one cylinder, then there is a noticeable increase in the resistance to crankshaft rotation. When the starter cranks, this resistance leads to a decrease in speed. If the battery is faulty or has a weak battery, you can use a jump starter, although this method is not recommended.