Wheel rim bolt pattern: what is it, how to recognize it and compatibility tables

Only the most common bolt patterns are indicated. Before purchasing a disk, you must set this parameter specifically for your car.

Bolt pattern tables 4×98, 4×100, 4×108, 5×100, 5×108, 5×112

Car make Model 4x98

Car make Model 4x100

Car make Model 4x108

5x100

Car makeModel

Car make Model 5x108

Car make Model 5x112

Calculation formula and compatibility tables

If there are an odd number of holes, one measurement will not work. In this case, you need to measure the distance between the axes of two adjacent bolts, and then apply simple formulas for calculations.

Let's say the distance is equal to some number X. Then, depending on the number of bolts from 3 to 5, the following formulas are used:

• 3 bolts. PCD=1.155*X
• 4 bolts. PCD=1.414*X
• 5 bolts. PCD=1.701*X

The formulas are obtained as a result of simple geometric manipulations; everyone can personally check and obtain more accurate coefficients.

As approximate reference information, you can use the table of compatibility of car models based on the same PCD.

As mentioned above, this cannot in any way mean complete interchangeability of disks, since all their other parameters rarely coincide.

It should be borne in mind that the wheels that were equipped with the cars could differ greatly depending on the specific modification of the model and the equipment ordered.

One of the main parameters of wheel rims is the number of mounting holes and their location relative to the wheel axis.

The English term PCD, called bolt pattern, contains information about the number of studs or bolts, as well as the diameter of the circle in which their centers are inscribed.

For example, a typical size for VAZ cars will be designated as PCD 4 x 98.

What is wheel rim bolt pattern?

Any car owner strives to improve his vehicle by replacing its original parts with new, more efficient ones, improving the appearance of the car through tuning. Wheel rims also undergo changes, because their appearance and production method directly affect the overall appearance of the car.

Larger wheels look more impressive than the original ones. Improving the exterior of a car is a completely natural desire of every owner, but in this case it is important that tuning does not negatively affect the performance of the car. To do this, you should select spare parts that meet the safety requirements and technical characteristics of a particular vehicle. And we need to talk about an attractive appearance only after these requirements are met after installation.

If the required number of bolts can be determined by eye, then the diameter of the holes is much more difficult to determine in this way. This is the main difficulty of loosening.

Features of the VAZ

Many car enthusiasts are interested in the question of what wheel bolt pattern is on domestic VAZ cars.

Here PCD is standard - 4*98. But such a bolt pattern has one big disadvantage - there is no room for flight of fancy and the possibility of choosing a more unique disc.

At the same time, “next door” there is a PCD standard - 4*100, where the choice of disks is much wider. So is it possible to take a risk with a replacement? As we have already mentioned, with standard tightening methods this is unacceptable, because even a small error will not allow the screws to be properly tightened.

There are car enthusiasts who take certain risks. They use longer screws or do not tighten one of them at all. But this is dangerous - such methods can lead to serious consequences (including road accidents).

But there is a way out.

To install 4*100 wheels on VAZ cars, you can use special bolts with an offset center or an eccentric (they are easy to find in car stores or on the Internet).

In addition, studs from the VAZ 2108 cylinder head type are often used.

The peculiarity of the installation is that the studs are screwed directly into the hub, and the disc is tightened with the help of other nuts (you can “borrow” it from Niva).

Another option is to bore a hole in the hub. In this case, it will be possible to install disks with different PCD bolt patterns - 4*100 or 4*98.

Disc size indicators

There are five main sizes, an error in determining which will result in the impossibility of installing the wheel.

These include:

• number of bolt holes (LZ);
• the distance between them;
• diameter of the circle on which they are located (PCD);
• diameter of the central (hub) window (DIA);
• departure (ET).

The number of windows for bolts on passenger cars varies from 3 to 6. For trucks, this figure reaches 12-15 pieces. Togliatti-made cars have 4 bolt entries. The exception is the Lada Niva, the wheels of which are secured with five bolts each. The number of holes is measured visually by simple counting.

What is the wheel bolt pattern for the VAZ 2104?

Classic VAZ models are models with indexes 2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106, 2107. And their modifications, which are indicated by an additional fifth number. By the way, here’s how to quickly restore your original Zhiguli wheel bolts. All Volga cars have a Fiat 4*98 bolt pattern.

What is the wheel bolt pattern on the VAZ 2106?

All standard wheels on the VAZ-2106 have two constant indicators related to the design of the hub: The pattern of mounting holes (bolt pattern) is 4x98. The diameter of the central hole is 58.5 mm.

What is the wheel bolt pattern on the Volga?

Disc drilling parameters are usually called bolt pattern:

Make model modification AutoYear of manufacture Bolt pattern LZ*PCD

What is the wheel bolt pattern on the Audi 80 b3?

What is the bolt pattern on the Audi 80 B3?

ModelBodyPattern

What cars have a 4x100 bolt pattern?

As already mentioned, the size 4x100 is the most common. Therefore, there are quite a lot of car models from different manufacturers that use this bolt pattern.

What do the numbers mean?

• R - Rim diameter (in inches);
• J - Rim width (in inches);
• DIA - Hub bore diameter (in mm);
• ET – The distance between the vertical axis of the rim to the plane where the disc abuts the hub.

Hub Bore Measurement (DIA)
Note: This value may be zero, plus, or, when the disc is very inward, negative.

This parameter is very important, since if it is chosen incorrectly, the disk may not fit in its normal place, even if all other sizes are suitable. How to find out the disc offset is shown in one of the photos above.

Types of departures: negative, zero, positive

• LZ – number of places for fastening the disk with bolts or nuts on a stud;
• PCD is the diameter of the circle in millimeters, along the perimeter of which the mounting holes are located (this is precisely the bolt pattern).

Where is the bolt pattern indicated on alloy wheels: there is complete information on the packaging

Note: There is no place to see this size on the discs unless there is a shipping box.

You have to measure this size yourself, but doing this with a tape measure or caliper is inconvenient. It’s easier to use the calculation coefficients that we presented below.

As a last resort, you can simply try the disk on the hub and try to tighten the nuts (or bolts).

How to find out the wheel bolt pattern (PCD)

If the disk is not original, but universal, it may have double drilling - for example: 5*100/5*114.3. It can be installed on cars with PCD 5*100, and on cars with PCD 5*114.3.

Universal discs with double drilling

The hub hole on universal discs is usually made larger - for example: 67.1 as for Mitsubishi, which has a bolt pattern of 5 * 114.3.

To put these wheels on, say, a Chevrolet with a 5*100 bolt pattern and a 57.1 hub, you only need a plastic adapter measuring 67.1*57.1.

Adapter rings (hub adapter)

These numbers correspond to the outer and inner diameters of the ring, with which you can change from 67 to 57 hub.

Marking

How to determine disc bolt pattern. If the markings are preserved, the easiest way is to decipher them. This is not difficult to do. For example, the disk contains the following data R14 5.5J 4×100 DIA54.1 ET45, where:

R14 - indicates the diameter of the disk in inches;

5.5J – disk width, the letter J indicates that this disk can only be used on cars with a single drive, that is, front- and rear-wheel drive cars. Wheels for cars with all-wheel drive are marked JJ. Additionally, the letter X is used to designate cast or forged models.

4×100 is an indicator of the bolt pattern; in passenger cars, discs can be mounted on 3-6 studs. The most common values ​​for the inscribed circle are: 98, 100, 108, 112, 114.3, 120, 139.7.

DIA54.1 – diameter of the central inlet;

ET45 – disc offset. In this case, the disc has a positive overhang. If this parameter is negative, a “-” sign is placed in front of the numerical value. At zero offset. The offset affects the position of the mating plane; if you install disks with a different parameter, this will lead to a change in the value and direction of the forces that act on the car’s suspension.

Thus, on these disks there is a bolt pattern for 4 disks with a diameter of the circumference of the edge of the mounting holes equal to 100 mm. In addition, the PCD is always indicated on the vehicle registration certificate. For example, in the VAZ-2106 model this parameter is included in the characteristics as “Diameter of holes for wheel bolts”. The value indicated is 98, all that remains is to count the number of bolt holes. Wheels with a 4×98 bolt pattern are suitable for this domestic model.

How to measure the bolt pattern of a disc yourself

In fact, the need for measuring procedures rarely arises. The required parameter can be easily found out from the characteristics of a particular machine, and for any disk it is indicated on the product labeling.

But the designation of a used part may have been destroyed, so you will have to determine the bolt pattern using a ruler.

Measurements should be made with the greatest possible accuracy. It is very difficult, for example, to distinguish a 4x98 disk from a 4x100 one. It often happens that VAZ cars are driven with enlarged PCD rims, which is wrong and very dangerous.

Even if the wheel is centered more or less normally and does not bounce while driving, the lack of complete contact between the chamfers of the fastening bolts and the disk sockets causes high stress in the metal, wear of the holes, fatigue in the wheel bolts and a high probability of losing the wheel while driving.

There are two measurement methods - for an even number of studs and universal.

If the number is even, it is enough to mark the centers of the holes with the greatest possible accuracy and determine the distance between these centers for diametrically opposite bolts.

You will have to use a caliper; a regular ruler will give too much error. For example, on a disk you need to take the size between the edges of the holes, one from the inside, the other from the outside. Since the diameters of the bolt sockets are made with high precision, this will be the desired PCD.

Basic disk dimensions: where to look and how to determine

Before we present information on the wheel bolt pattern inherent in cars of certain models, let’s understand their dimensions in general. After all, in order to purchase wheels, you need to know their exact parameters, or at least tell the seller the main characteristics of the car: year of manufacture, engine modification, and sometimes the body.

In the store they will select everything as it should be, but if you are going to buy wheels secondhand, you should know where the size is indicated on the rims. True, some parameters need to be measured independently.

Where is the width and diameter of the rim indicated on the disc?

How to find out the bolt pattern of a 4-bolt wheel

How to find out the bolt pattern of a 4 or 6 bolt wheel. This method is only suitable for discs with an even number of holes. To do this, you need to measure the distance from the extreme point of two opposite holes. For example, for the VAZ 2104 this parameter is 85 mm. Next, we measure the diameter of the mounting hole; for this model it is 13 mm. We add up both obtained values ​​- we get 98 mm. In total, the PCD of the VAZ 2104 is 4x98 mm. You can make measurements easier by taking measurements directly from the edges of the mounting holes. However, this method is not particularly accurate.

Most common values

The PCD value varies not only depending on the manufacturer, but also on the model and year of manufacture. Here are the most common values:

Fiat: Brava, 126, 124, Croma, Multipla, Tipo, Panda, Alfa Romeo: 155 and 164; Lada

Used on older Mini, BMW 3, Honda models: CRX, Jazz, Accord; Kia Spectra: Opel Astra, Corsa, Ascona, Zafira; Toyota Yaris, Corolla, Volkswagen Golf: Passa, Jetta, Polo.

Audi: TT and A3, Toyota: Avensis, Celica, Carina; Skoda Octavia; Subaru: Impreza, Outback, Legacy

Ferrari, Citroen Jumper and XM, Ford Mondeo and Focus; Volvo 740, 760 and 780

Audi: 100 CS, A4, A6, A8, S2, S4; Ford Galaxy, Mercedes: 600 SL, SLK, Vito

Honda: Accord, Civic Vtec; Hyundai: Sonata, Accent; Nissan: Almera, Primera, Mitsubishi: Colt, Lancer, Galant; Volvo V40 and S40; Daewoo Matiz

Used on some “Americans”, on older Mazda models, on Honda CRV, Toyota RAV4, Lexus

Used on most models from American manufacturers

Rolls Royce, Range Rover

UAZ, Chevrolet Niva

Only the most common bolt patterns are indicated. Before purchasing a disk, you must set this parameter specifically for your car.

What is the danger of incorrect wheel bolt pattern?

It is important to correctly determine the bolt pattern parameters. This action should not be neglected, since it indirectly affects the safety of the vehicle. Installing wheels without taking into account deviations in one direction or another means that the wheel will not be installed accurately relative to the axis. As a result, it will not be possible to achieve the required tightening level.

It is impossible to visually determine the correctness of the bolt pattern. The consequences of incorrect drilling will be revealed later during the ride by the following manifestations:

• there will be strong beating in the wheels;
• damage will be found in the suspension elements and in the steering mechanism;
• the risk of the wheel mounting bolts coming loose will increase.

It can be seen that from a safety point of view the consequences are very serious and can lead to an emergency.

More details about bolt pattern

There are not so many PCD sizes: about a dozen popular ones, on European and Asian cars, and a few more rare ones, which are found mainly on American cars.

There is very little difference between some of them: 98 and 100, or 112 and 114.3. Visually, it is almost invisible, and when they see a wheel model they like, car owners sometimes think that one option can be replaced with another.

This is an erroneous opinion, and such a decision will result in a poor fit of the disk to the hub or its misalignment. Problems will not keep you waiting.

Let's consider what options for placing mounting holes are found on certain cars:

Table

The desire of the car owner to install wheels with non-original parameters is not always dictated by the desire to save money. And what kind of savings are there when you have to expand the central hole, change the location of the fasteners, or even sharpen the hub.

Much more often, people are driven to do this by the desire to get an exclusive model that no one else has, because for a man, wheels are the same as jewelry for a woman.

Such a modification is, of course, possible - the main thing is that it is carried out with filigree precision and on good equipment. In a standard garage, this is hardly possible, and it can all end in the destruction of the hub and suspension as a result of wheel beating.

Well, first of all, the tire will wear out unevenly and quickly, so the costs associated with such changes cannot be called reasonable. Buying wheels with parameters approved by the car manufacturer is much more profitable.

Video: wheel spacers

Overhang amount

Every vehicle owner strives to make the car original and unique with the help of tuning. A lot of effort and time is spent on selecting disks. Some motorists do not look at the standard markings, ignore the requirements and install low-profile wheels, forgetting that any deviations are unacceptable. Mismatched wheel rims lead to the car becoming unsafe and directly threatening the lives of all road users.

After deciding on tuning, you should not immediately run to the store and buy the wheels you like for your car, but you should consider several important selection parameters. You should not count on the help of consultants in the store; many of them are simply incompetent in matters of choice and try to simply sell the part, especially if they notice that you are interested in it.

To avoid waste of money, you must choose a disk strictly according to its parameters. There are a huge number of myths, and many prejudices have absolutely no relation to the real situation.

Motorists are sure that the offset of a wheel rim is the value that denotes the protruding part of the rim above the body of the vehicle. In fact, the parameter carries a slightly different meaning. Any disk in a car has a mating plane that comes into contact with the wheel hub when installing the disk. As a result, the offset is the distance from the mating plane of the disk to the vertical axis of symmetry of the disk.

Do not ignore the departure parameter. He is directly responsible for driving safety in the vehicle. If you choose wheels with the wrong offset, you increase the risk of accidents and premature wear of the main components. Thus, an incorrectly selected parameter can result in premature wear of the suspension.

Basically, motorists, when choosing wheels for their car, can make three common mistakes:

• They blindly believe the stories of consultants, hoping to receive highly qualified assistance in choosing;
• They ignore information about the markings that are applied to the standard disc from the car manufacturer;
• They make a choice only according to the parameters of appearance, color, geometric features, and other aesthetic factors.

In order to purchase a suitable part, it is necessary to correctly calculate the offset parameter:

ET=ab/2

In the formula, the symbol “a” denotes the distance between the inner plane and the part of the disk that is in direct contact with the hub, and the symbol “b” denotes the width of the disk profile. This information is presented more clearly in the figure:

All data for calculating the offset parameter can be measured manually with a millimeter ruler

The result is obtained in millimeters. The offset can be positive, negative, or equal to zero.

If the offset is positive - the axis is slightly shifted from the place of fastening, zero parameter - the axis and plane are completely consistent and fit tightly, negative parameter - the plane is outside the axis.

Most often on cars there is a positive offset value

Video: wheel spacers

How is it designated?

Each wheel rim is marked in accordance with international standards.

The marking is indicated regardless of the manufacturing method, size and manufacturer of the product. As an example, it is necessary to consider the standard type of drilling designation, which is used for wheels of the Ford Focus model: 7.0Jx16H2 ET50 PCD: 5 × 108 d 63.3.

In this case:

• 7.0J is the width of the rim, measured in inches.
• 16 is the diameter of the disk, measured in inches.
• 5x108 - indicates the number of bolts for attaching the rim to the chassis structure. The number 5 indicates how many are used. The second number (108) indicates the diameter at which the bolts are secured relative to each other. In this case, its size is 108 mm.
• The circle around the diameter of which the holes for fastenings are located is designated as PCD (Pitch Circle Diameter) and is measured in millimeters. The rim mounting holes are spaced at varying distances with tight positional tolerances relative to the center hole.
• The rim offset size, which is indicated in millimeters and is equal to ET50, that is, 50 mm. Equal to the distance between the mounting plane of the wheel rim (the plane to which the disk is attached to the hub) and the middle of the rim width (if these planes coincide, the offset is zero).
• The diameter of the central hole or d 63.3, which is measured from the side of the mating plane, also in millimeters. In this particular case, it is 63.3 mm.

On a note.

As can be seen from the description, the bolt pattern in this case is 5×108 and is quite common, especially among German manufacturers.

Rim offset and how to measure it

As for the overhang size, it is considered equal to zero if all planes coincide. Its size is regulated and may vary slightly depending on the chosen rim. The size is important to strictly consider, since with a negative value the product will touch the wheel arch when turning, and with a positive value the rim will be inside the arch.

You might be interested in this About stamped wheels on Lancer 9 cars

Some car owners are interested in what cars the 4x100 bolt pattern is used on. The answer is very simple, these are some models.

Is it possible to install a product with inappropriate parameters?

Disc with centering ring
It is possible to install the product on a car with unsuitable bolt pattern parameters. For this purpose, special rings called centering rings are often used. With their help, you can set a parameter specifically for installing selected disks. This may result in errors in balancing and violation of suspension geometry. Therefore, it is strictly not recommended to carry out such operations, since they can disrupt the performance of the machine in motion.

The bolt pattern is an important parameter that can be used to determine how the disc is attached to the chassis structure. You can measure it yourself or find out from official sources, which is preferable.

Sources

• https://rad-star.ru/pressroom/articles/chto-takoe-razboltovka-kolesnykh-diskov/
• https://ZnanieAvto.ru/skaty/razboltovka-kolesnyx-diskov.html
• https://kolesadom.ru/kakie-byvajut-razboltovki-koles-vylet/
• https://AutoVogdenie.ru/razboltovka-kolesnyx-diskov.html
• https://BlackTyres.ru/informaciya/informatsija-o-diskah/razboltovka-kolesnyh-diskov/
• https://carnovato.ru/markirovka-kolyosnyx-diskov/
• https://kolesa.guru/diski/razboltovka.html

Spacers

Sometimes you can hear questions about what to do if the wheel rims do not fit in the mounting holes with the hub. For such a case, there are special spacers. They are installed on the hub, and the disk is already attached to them. Let's look at how this works. Let's say your hub has 4x108, and the disc has a spread of 4x98. Of course, such wheels will not voluntarily fit on a car. To install, we purchase a spacer with mounting on a 4×108 hub; the holes on it must correspond to 4×108. When installing, please note that the use of such a device significantly reduces the reliability of the structure.

Conclusion

. Automakers are increasingly striving to unify some design elements. Therefore, more and more often they are moving to certain standards that simplify machine maintenance. But this process is far from complete. And the question of which cars have a 4x108 bolt pattern is still relevant. In fact, there are few such models, and most of the cars with this indicator are far from new.

Remember

It is necessary to take into account the bolt pattern of a car wheel in combination with other parameters. Only comprehensive compliance with all wheel rim installation rules will help avoid technical problems in the future, and will also help maintain maximum performance of chassis parts throughout their entire service life.

Sources

• https://carnovato.ru/markirovka-kolyosnyx-diskov/
• https://zen.yandex.ru/media/kolesadom/kakie-byvaiut-razboltovki-koles-chto-takoe-vylet-i-ostalnye-parametry-5ce2a889bdd16700b30d99b1
• https://ocoolovka.ru/razboltovka/
• https://hyundai-kia52.ru/obsluzhivanie/kak-uznat-razboltovku-kolesnyh-diskov-pravila-izmereniy-i-tablica-sovmestimosti.html
• https://kur.vsekolesa.ru/blog/razboltovka-kolesnyh-diskov/
• https://novoe-info.ru/chto-takoe-razboltovka-na-diskah/
• https://TrueScooters.ru/tehservis/kak-uznat-razboltovku-kolesnyh-diskov.html