The design and principle of operation of automobile windshield wipers

The device has found its application not only in passenger cars, but also in all other types of vehicles. Even large submarines, helicopters and airplanes are equipped with windshield wipers, which perform an irreplaceable role and at the same time have a very simple operating principle. When the wipers operate, excess water, dirt and other foreign objects on the windshield begin to be removed.

Car models have several operating modes: with a given period of time; constant; single. The auxiliary mechanism supplies water to remove large amounts of dust or dirt from the windshield.

Windshield wiper system

Standard windshield wipers are designed to remove dirt, dust, and excess sediment from its surface. This allows you to increase visibility of the road at any time, including bad weather conditions: heavy rain or snow. For greater efficiency, the device is combined with a windshield washer, which sprays a special washer fluid under high pressure onto the glass surface. Thus, the glass is cleaned from adhering dirt and insects.

Automotive windshield wipers

Some cars have a rear windshield wiper, as well as special devices for cleaning the headlights (washers). This allows you to ensure traffic safety in all weather conditions. The frequency and duration of operation of the windshield wipers is regulated by the driver from the passenger compartment.

Connector to the rear wiper motor (4 terminals assembled with wires) “female”

Dear customers, in order to avoid errors when sending the connecting connector with wires for connecting the electric motor of the rear windshield wiper of the fifth door of VAZ cars, in the “Comment” line indicate for which windshield wiper, the number of terminals, the model of your car, the year of manufacture.

It is quite common to see a car that does not have a rear window wiper installed. In fairness, it is worth noting that some cars do not need it at all.

It's hard to imagine hatchbacks and station wagons without a rear wiper and wiper. Due to the specific geometry of the body, dirt very often gets on the rear window, preventing normal visibility. The wiper located on the rear window is precisely designed to clean it and is driven by an electric motor.

Connecting block 194.3780AX with 4 contacts, assembled with wires, is one of the elements of the rear harness for connecting the rear windshield wiper motor located on the fifth door in VAZ, Lada, 4 x 4 hatchback and station wagon cars and their modifications. Can be used to make your own cable. The contact is already crimped onto the wire (wire length 100 mm) and inserted into the connector, you can install it on the car.

On sedans, rear wipers are installed much less frequently, because they worsen the aerodynamic properties of the body. Of course, the rear wiper is used much less often, and people often think about it when parking.

If the windshield wiper of the fifth door is broken, then you should start by checking the fuse. If it is intact, then there was no short circuit. Another reason for the malfunction of the 5th door wiper may be the steering column switch, but as a rule, the cause of the problem lies in the gear motor or in the connector.

Contact carrier 2111-6313090AX with 4 contacts assembled with wires, used when the standard one fails or a new connection is organized. It is one of the elements of the rear harness for connecting to the rear wiper motor located on the fifth door in VAZ, Lada, 4 x 4 hatchback and station wagon cars and their modifications. Replacement or installation of the connecting connector 194.3780AX with 4 contacts and wires can be done independently, without contacting specialized maintenance services.

Connection diagram for rear wiper motor VAZ 2111

Other article numbers of the product and its analogues in the catalogues: 194.3780АХ, 211106313090АХ.

VAZ 1111/ Oka, VAZ 2104, VAZ 2108, VAZ 2109, VAZ 2110-2111, VAZ 2112, VAZ 1113-1115, VAZ 1117-1119, VAZ 2170, VAZ 2190, Kalina 2, hatchback and station wagon, as well as VAZ 2121, VAZ 21213-21214i, VAZ 2131, VAZ 2123, VAZ 2120.

Any breakdown is not the end of the world, but a completely solvable problem!

How to independently replace and install the block for connecting the rear windshield wiper motor of the fifth door interior harness in a VAZ car.

How to independently replace the fifth door wiper motor on a VAZ car (hatchback and station wagon).

With the online store Discounter AvtoAzbuka, repair costs will be minimal.

Just COMPARE and BE SURE.

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Windshield wiper design elements

Design features depend on the type of device and the type of fastening elements. The standard windshield wiper circuit consists of the following parts:

• lever drive (trapezoid);
• leashes;
• relay for controlling operating modes;
• electronic control unit (if equipped);
• electric motor with gearbox;
• hinged fastenings;
• brushes

Design of windshield wipers
Additionally, control devices are provided. For example, for manual control, a steering column switch for windshield wiper operation modes is used, and for automatic mode, a special electronic control unit and a sensor for analyzing glass contamination (rain sensor) are installed in the vehicle.

Checking the functionality of the mechanisms

At the repair stage or during a preventative check of windshield wipers, problems in the device can be identified in several ways. The quality of the mechanism is primarily determined by the function of the brush and its position in the brush holder. The cleaning elements must move freely and easily at the specified speed. The electric motor itself is checked by a tester. In particular, such diagnostics makes it possible to detect irregularities in contacts and connections. When disassembled, the device allows you to evaluate the condition of the gearbox gear - in particular, the mentioned teeth and threads on the rollers are checked. The remaining components can be checked with the naked eye, even with a superficial inspection.

How the device works

Despite the simple functionality of the cleaning system, it is necessary to understand how windshield wipers work. Key details you need to know:

1. The electromagnetic relay receives the control command and sets the operating mode of the brushes. Depending on the vehicle, the wipers may operate intermittently at short intervals of 3-5 seconds, continuously move at a set speed, or enter wash mode with the washer on.
2. The windshield wiper motor receives power from the on-board electrical system. The exact connection diagram depends on the car model.
3. The windshield wiper arms, and along with them the glass cleaning brushes, are driven by an electric motor with a worm gear and a lever drive (trapezoid). The trapezoid transmits and converts rotational motion from the electric motor to brushes, which, pressing tightly against the working surface, remove dirt and moisture from the glass.

A properly configured system should not leave streaks or mechanical damage on the surface of the glass, or make noise during operation. In case of such problems, it is necessary to promptly eliminate the malfunction.

How does a trapezoid work?

The windshield wiper trapezoid consists of a system of rods and levers that convert the rotational movement from the gearbox into the reciprocating movement of the leads with brushes. A standard device should perform the following functions:

• movement of the brushes when the windshield wiper motor is running;
• ensuring the required amplitude and speed of cleaning;
• Windshield wiper arms with two or more blades must move synchronously.

Windshield wiper trapezium
The trapezoid, like the electric motor, is an important component of the system. In case of any malfunctions (the appearance of backlashes) in its operation, the efficiency and quality of glass cleaning deteriorates. For greater reliability, the trapezoid elements are made of sheet steel, which is resistant to aggressive environments and also has high bending rigidity.

Depending on the design of glass wipers, trapezoids can be one-, two-, or three-brush, and according to the principle of operation, they can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.

Wiper motor

The windshield wiper motor has a basic design regardless of the car model. The main elements include the electric motor itself and the gearbox (usually a worm gear), which increases the force from the electric motor several times. Modern devices can be equipped with additional elements, including fuses for protection against heavy loads, heating elements for operation at low temperatures, and much more.

Windshield wiper motor for VAZ 2110

The windshield wiper gear motor is the most important element of the system, which ensures its performance. The brushes must fit tightly to the glass and move freely along it, otherwise there will be an increased load on the electric motor.

Motor repair

Many people think that replacing the motor with a similar one from a foreign car can solve the problem with the slow operation of the wipers, but in fact, it is often enough just to clean and lubricate the “original” engine.

If the speed of operation causes complaints, then it is necessary to check how easily the armature rotates: if movement is difficult, damage or excessive wear of the brushes should be suspected. They are easy to replace with new ones.

Cleaning the collector will also help - this will require fine sandpaper. The need for this procedure is said:

• visible contamination;
• noticeable scratches;
• grooves on the metal.

It will be necessary to replace the armature or gearbox along with the complete motor if the manifold is too worn or burnt.

Adjusting the operating speed is necessary if the windshield wipers operate too slowly. This is facilitated by:

• incorrect (too tight) lubrication;
• gear wear;
• rod deformation

Eliminating these problems basically makes it possible to speed up the wipers and, moreover, significantly.

Purifier management

The windshield cleaning system can be controlled in two ways - electronic and electrical. The last option involves manually changing operating modes. Under the steering wheel there is a special control lever that allows you to turn on the device, adjust the pause in the wipers and change the cleaning modes. But this option requires constant driver participation.

Understeering's shifter

The electronic control system is completely autonomous and does not require human intervention. The car is equipped with a special electronic unit and a rain sensor, which analyzes the cleanliness of the glass and weather conditions. Electronic control provides a range of functions:

• automatic switching on and off;
• changing the operating parameters of the purifier;
• blocking the motor in the presence of obstacles on the windshield;
• additional cleaning with windshield washer;
• preventing brushes from freezing when the engine is off.

Why are car wipers needed and how do they work?

Car wipers are designed to clean the windshield from water, dirt, snow, etc. falling on it while driving. The principle of operation of the windshield cleaning system, which includes wipers, is quite simple - the electric drive motor, through a system of rods and levers, acts on the drive rollers, with leads attached to them, and the windshield wiper blades themselves are attached to them. The system of rods and levers does not ensure circular movement of the drive rollers; they only rotate around their axis by 90-110 degrees and then return back. Almost all cars have two wipers on the windshield. The same system of rods and levers is made so that both drive rollers rotate synchronously; as a result, the brush leads themselves move synchronously, which prevents them from touching. Providing better downforce - the leashes are spring-loaded.

Video: Testing wiper blades

Often another wiper is installed on a car - on the rear window. Its function is the same as that of windshield wipers. But the design itself is somewhat simpler. The rear wiper is also driven by an electric motor. It is usually located next to the drive roller of the leash, but drives it not through levers, but through a small gear reducer.

In principle, the drive mechanism is reliable and breaks down infrequently. Much more important in this system is the condition of the wipers themselves. After all, they provide visibility to the driver in driving conditions during rain and snow. When driving on a busy highway, especially in the autumn-spring period, water with mud impurities often rises into the air from under the wheels of overtaking cars, which settles on the windshield. Much the same thing happens when driving on a snowy road. If the windshield is not cleaned, it will be impossible to move on very quickly due to poor visibility through the glass.

But in addition to the performance of this system, you also need to monitor the wipers themselves. Severely worn cleaning elements will not ensure proper cleaning of the glass. As a result, visibility will be insufficient, and the driver will have to strain his eyesight more, which will lead to rapid fatigue.

Types of brushes

Car manufacturers provide car owners with a choice of brush types. Depending on the design and operational characteristics, they can be of the following types:

Frame brushes

1. Frame brushes are the best and affordable option. They adapt well to the working surface of the windshield, but deteriorate the quality of cleaning at sub-zero temperatures and high speeds.
2. Frameless wipers are a more expensive option that provides high-quality glass cleaning. The device is more resistant to freezing and also lasts longer. Among the disadvantages, it is necessary to note the difficulty of selecting brushes to ensure proper fit to the glass.
3. Hybrid windshield wipers - these are often called winter wipers due to their closed design and moisture resistance. Ideal for regions with low temperatures, where it is important to ensure the functionality of the cleaning system.

Frameless wipers

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Methods for attaching brushes

Before 1999, most car manufacturers used a type of mounting for OEM windshield wiper blades called a "hook" or "hook". This is a universal device in the shape of the letter “U”, which allows you to snap the brush into place and not worry about the reliability of its installation. The following types of mounts are currently gaining popularity:

1. Side pin - appeared in 2005 on BWM, Volvo and other cars. Allows brushes to be fixed using a special 22 or 17 mm side pin.
2. Button or “Push Button” is an adapter for standard 16 mm wide wiper blades. It is enough to snap the device into place for fastening, and to remove it you need to press a special button.
3. Pin lock - fixation of brushes using a special built-in lock. Used in Audi cars.

“Push Button” mounting scheme

This is not a complete list of types of fastenings. Each manufacturer can use their own designs for fixing brushes.

Despite the relative simplicity of windshield wipers, it is difficult to imagine a modern car without them. Drivers can control the operation of the wipers directly from the cabin, remove dirt and improve visibility of the road situation. And electronic systems automatically monitor the cleanliness of the glass, increasing the comfort and safety of driving without human intervention.

Article: ME241, additional articles: 2103-3730000

Order code: 001655

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Gearmotor ME 241 Rated voltage – 12 V Rated power – 6 W Maximum current – ​​2.8 A Rated rotation speed – 60 min -1 Weight – 1.24 kg

Applicability: VAZ-2101. 07, -2121, -1111 Information used: JSC "KZAE"

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Today, the next article in the series “Crystal VAZs or typical breakdowns of domestic cars” is dedicated to the “classics”: VAZ-2101, 2103, 2104, 2104, 2105, 2106 and 2107. These cars have been driving along our roads for decades and, despite Despite all the shortcomings that we will talk about, their popularity is still high.

Quality control and tests: a mandatory component of the production of Masuma wipers at our factory

The plant has its own testing laboratory, where products are tested for compliance with a wide range of indicators.

The quality of parts and their compliance with the declared characteristics are checked in our own laboratory. Tests are carried out here to:

• determine the resistance of Masuma wiper blades to abrasion, temperature changes and other factors;
• make sure that there is a good fit to the surface and that there is no possibility of damage to the glass during operation;
• evaluate the quality of paintwork frames and their resistance to external factors;
• check how effectively the glass surface is cleaned with brushes.

Based on the results of tests in the laboratory, if necessary, decisions are made to make changes to the production technology of specific brush models. These processes take place continuously at the enterprise, ensuring product quality.

Go to the Masuma wiper catalog

Function and principle of operation of wipers

The key task of the windshield wiper mechanism is to clean the windshield from water during rain, as well as dirt that falls on its surface during movement. These wipers operate using special mechanisms.

Using the scheme of rods and hinges, the non-circular movement of special cones is ensured; they only provide translational-rotational action, after which they return. Almost every car has two wipers. The design of the rods and hinges is designed in such a way that the drive cones work synchronously, which facilitates the simultaneous movement of the wiper arms. This helps prevent them from touching.

Often a wiper is also installed on the rear window of the car. Its function is similar, but the circuit is a little simpler. An electric motor helps drive the rear window wiper, since these mechanisms work almost the same on all cars. Most often it is located close to the drive cone of the lever, but begins its movement with the help of a small gear reducer.

Right choice

It is better to select according to the time of year in which you most often drive; the car will not be worse off. Nowadays, counterfeiting various car parts is just a mega profitable business, this has not escaped our topic, even wiper blades are counterfeited. Here, the selection before purchasing must be done very carefully. Ideally, you need to familiarize yourself with the most common companies on the Internet and see how to distinguish each one from a fake, by what markers. If we judge, in general, then any normal and high-quality auto chemicals must have high-quality printing, with a label carefully and in the right place, all details and the date of issue must be clearly printed on the wrapper. Start choosing for yourself by checking these points.

If you are too lazy to think through all this for you, then you can simply come to a good expensive store, where they will recommend you the best that can be available today.