We all know that the Soviet Union had a developed automotive industry that produced many types of automobiles under different brands. Nowadays you rarely see these USSR products anywhere. Therefore, modern youth do not know, for example, the difference between VAZ 21011 and GAZ 3102 and how they are deciphered. In fact, there were quite a lot of factories producing cars under different brands. Therefore, in this article we will not limit ourselves to answering the question of how VAZ and GAZ stand for. Let's tell a brief history of each of them.
How VAZ, GAZ and other cars of the USSR stand for. Complete list.
We all know that the Soviet Union had a developed automotive industry that produced many types of automobiles under different brands. Nowadays, it is rare to find this product from the USSR. Therefore, modern youth do not know, for example, the difference between VAZ 21011 and GAZ 3102 and how they are deciphered. In fact, there were many factories that produced cars of different brands. Therefore, in this article we will not limit ourselves to answering the question of how VAZ and GAZ are deciphered. Let's tell a brief history of each of them.
How does VAZ stand for?
VAZ - Volzhsky Automobile Plant. The first cars were produced in 1970 in Tolyatti. All production technology, including equipment and personnel training, was purchased by the leadership of the Soviet Union from the Italian automobile giant FIAT. Passenger car production plant.
How does GAZ stand for?
You probably noticed that the last two letters of VAZ stand for automobile plant, and the first letter is associated with the region. This decoding formula is applicable to almost all Soviet car brands. GAZ - Gorky Automobile Plant, founded in 1932 in the city of Gorky, now Nizhny Novgorod. Basic technologies were purchased in the USA by the car manufacturer FORD, but later Soviet designers armed themselves with their own technologies, displacing foreign ones. The plant produced not only cars, but also trucks and even buses.
What does KamAZ stand for?
The Kama Automobile Plant (KAMAZ) was built in 1969 in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny. And “Kamsky” - after all, there is a plant on the banks of the Kama. The largest plant in the USSR for the production of trucks and tractors.
How does ZIL stand for?
The ZIL plant was founded in 1916 in Moscow, also known as the plant named after. Likhacheva. It came a long way before it became one of the largest in the USSR. A year after its foundation, the revolution thundered, and it was taken into state ownership. For several years, the plant has been repairing trucks and also conducting activities for the tank industry. During Stalin's leadership of the country, the plant was renamed in his honor, and the products were manufactured under the ZIS brand. Production has been developing since 1957 after a radical reconstruction.
Now you know not only how VAZ and GAZ stand for, but also a little about the history of the Soviet automobile industry. Below you will find a complete list of all factories in the USSR, and there are as many as 20 of them, and this is not counting factories for the production of motorcycles, trolleybuses, trams, and tractors!
- KAZ - Kutaisi Automobile Plant.
- KamAZ - Kama Automobile Plant.
- MAZ - Minsk Automobile Plant.
- BelAZ - Belarusian Automobile Plant.
- GAZ - Gorky Machine-Building Plant.
- ZIL - Plant named after Ivan Likhachev.
- UralAZ - Ural Automobile Plant (under Stalin - UralZIS Ural Plant named after I. Stalin).
- VAZ - Auto Volzhsky Plant.
- IzhMash - Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant.
- AZLK - Automobile Plant named after. Leninsky Komsomol (Moscow).
- SeAZ - Serpukhov Automobile Plant.
- RAF - Riga Bus Plant.
- ErAZ - Yerevan Automobile Plant.
- LuAZ - Lutsk Machine-Building Plant.
- ZAZ - Zaporozhye Automobile Plant.
- Auto UAZ - Ulyanovsk plant.
- LiAZ - Auto Likinsky Plant.
- PAZ - Pavlovsk Automobile Plant.
- KavZ - Kurgan Automobile Plant.
- LAZ - Lviv Automobile Plant.
Epochal GAZ-M
The “one and a half trucks” of the Gorky plant were used at all all-Russian construction sites, traveled the roads of war and became a real legend of the Soviet automotive industry. But this company became famous not only for its reliable trucks.
A truly epoch-making event was the plant’s release of a new passenger model, the GAZ-M, the famous Emka. The prototype of this car was also Ford. However, even in this case, the design of the car was significantly improved by Soviet engineers before release.
So, for example, the car received instead of:
- transverse longitudinal springs;
- primitive friction hydraulic shock absorbers;
- stamped steel wheels with spokes.
The car's wings were also increased in size and the front brake drive was improved. Thus, new cars were prepared for Russian roads.
Initially, GAZ-M cars used Ford-A engines. They had a power of 50 hp. Later, six-cylinder Dodge D5s with 76 hp were installed on these cars. "Emki" with such engines were very popular and were produced under the marking 11-73.
After some time, the plant named after. Molotov began producing improved all-wheel drive GAZ-61. It was these cars that later became the main personal transport of the country's highest ranks.
Identification of Soviet cars
The designation of the VAZ 21011 modification corresponds to the car brand designation system approved in 1966 in the Soviet Union. This system uses an alphanumeric display method. Letters and numbers are separated by a hyphen. The letters indicate the manufacturer. VAZ is short for Volzhsky Automobile Plant (AvtoVAZ). GAZ - Gorky, MAZ - Minsk Automobile Plant.
There are numbers to the right of the line. This is where the confusion begins. A Russian-speaking person is used to reading from left to right. From general to specific. In the designation of “Soviet-style” car brands, the second most general category is the type of car. The authors of the industry standard made a mess with their own hands. They have exactly the second, and not the first, number indicating the type of car:
The first digit, that is, the leftmost digit, indicates the class of the car, and its decoding depends on the second digit. In the case of passenger cars (the second digit is 1), the first digit means, depending on the technical characteristics, the following:
Military equipment
During the Second World War, the Gorky plant completely stopped producing civilian cars and began supplying military equipment to the front. At that time the company developed:
- the GAZ-64 SUV, on the basis of which the famous UAZ-469 was later created;
- artillery tractor GAZ-67B;
- armored car BA-64;
- self-propelled gun SU-76.
Also, specialists from the Gorky Automobile Plant took an active part in the development of the legendary T-60 and T-70 tanks.
Abbreviations: the most comprehensive list of abbreviations.
Abbreviation (Italian abbreviation, from Latin Brevis - short) - in manuscripts and ancient books: an abbreviated spelling of a word or group of words. In modern publications, an abbreviation is used to refer to any abbreviated word or phrase. An abbreviation is usually (but not always!) capitalized. Abbreviations that are read from sounds (rather than from letter names) and denote common names are written in lowercase letters (for example, university, rono, bunker).
What are the different types of abbreviations?
Initial reduction. A word formed from the names of the initial letters or initial sounds of words included in the original sentence. (For example, ACS - Automated Control System, ODE - Ordinary Differential Equations, YOD - Data Description Language).
- Abbreviation in alphabetical order. An abbreviation consisting of the letter names of the initial letters of the words that make up the original sentence. RF (er-ef) (Russian Federation). KGB (ka-ge-be) (State Security Committee), TFKP (te-ef-ka-pe) (theory of functions of one complex variable).
- The abbreviation is alphanumeric. An abbreviation is formed partly by the names of the initial letters, partly by the initial sounds of the words of the original sentence. CDSA (tse-de-sa) (Central House of the Soviet Army).
- Sound abbreviation (acronym). An abbreviation formed by the initial letters of the words of the original sentence. Hydroelectric power station (hydroelectric power station). University (higher education institution). TASS (Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union). Unlike a letter abbreviation, it is pronounced as a separate word ("GUM" like a rubber band, not "ge-u-um"), rather than letter by letter.
Recursive reduction. Abbreviation, transcription, which includes itself. For example, GNU (GNU's Not Unix), ALT (ALT Linux Team), PHP (PHP Hypertext Preprocessor), ATTA (ATTA Agency for Creative Technologies).
Compound words. A word formed from the initial parts of two or more words (grocery store, collective farm, etc.) or representing the addition of the beginning of a word to another word in a sentence (maternity hospital, theater club, television company, etc.).
Preface
In Soviet times, they did not bother with the particular complexity of depicting trademarks, although the story of the UAZ Swallow, which led to claims from Opel, is indicative in itself (the emblem had to be replaced). Pardon the tautology, the scary-looking “VID” logo, resembling either the first president of Russia or an old witch with a toad on her head, was invented by the wife of Vlad Listyev, a well-known TV presenter and journalist in the nineties of the last century. In fact, the mask of the famous eastern philosopher from Ancient China, Hou Xiang, was taken as a basis. The logo of the upcoming world football champion in Russia visually repeats the award for winning it - the cup. And the three main emblems should evoke associations with love for: football, space exploration and, through iconography, God.
The topic of this article is the logos of the Lada car. The history of their creation, interesting and related facts about them. These logos are from that series of world brands that everyone speaks to themselves, once you see them or reproduce their image using an associative connection.
How does the name VAZ-2121 “Niva” actually stand for?
Few people know that the domestic Niva became, in fact, the first crossover in the world
40 years ago, the first series of VAZ-2121 Niva was released in the USSR. The car “for the countryside” was destined to become the world’s first crossover and the only Soviet car that made an invaluable contribution to the development of the global automotive industry. We have collected the most interesting facts from the biography of the “birthday girl”.
1. In the early 1970s, by order of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Alexei Kosygin, designers began modifying the Zhiguli for off-road driving. Initially it was planned to change something, but in the process it was decided to make a completely new car. Niva appeared three years before the release of the first all-wheel drive Audi. The appearance of the first crossover essentially marked a new stage in the global development of jeeps.
2. Work on creating a people's car lasted seven years. The first unsightly example from 1972 was called "Crocodile", but they were convinced of the promise of the new design.
Source: lada.ru
3. The collection of the first 50 experimental Nivas in February 1976 was scheduled for the XXV Congress of the CPSU. AvtoVAZ designers destroyed all the stereotypes in the world about jeeps: the car had a durable but comfortable metal body, non-removable all-wheel drive and independent suspension. The pilot batch passed severe tests on the roads and deserts of Central Asia, in the mountains of the Urals and Caucasus, and in the northern regions of the country.
4. The car is named after the children of its creators. “Niva” received its name by adding the first letters of the names of the daughters of the head of the design bureau Pyotr Prusov - Natasha and Ira - and the sons of the first chief designer of VAZ Vladimir Solovyov - Vadim and Andrey.
5. The first Niva cost a decent amount: 9 thousand rubles, which is 600 rubles less than the representative Volga. But it was almost impossible to “get” the car: 80% of the fields were exported, and the remaining 20% automatically became a shortage.
Source: lada.ru
6. The export version of the Niva was not similar to the domestic one.
In bright cars with a high roof, moldings, cast arches and wheels, Euro stacks, folding rear and anatomical front seats, panoramic rear-view mirrors, wipers, a sunroof, a special radiator grille and roll cages, USSR motorists would not recognize their relatives as village simpletons.
A pickup truck based on the Niva, produced by a European tuning company. Source: Niva-4 × 4.ru
The strength of Soviet SUV design was legendary abroad. In Eastern European countries it could be purchased strictly in order of arrival, in Belgium or Great Britain - by appointment, and its cost reached 16 thousand rubles.
In European countries there were queues to buy Niva. Source: lada.ru
7. The Togliatti SUV is still the only Russian car sold in Japan. During the years of perestroika, the designer of the VAZ-2121 project, Prusov, received an advertising booklet from the Suzuki Vitara designers with the signature “The Godfather”. Successful sales of the crossover in one hundred countries around the world and its assembly in six of them - Ecuador, Canada, Greece, Brazil, Chile and Panama - became the best advertisement for the Soviet automobile industry.
8. “Niva” set several altitude records and conquered the North Pole three times. In 1998, she was dropped from a helicopter onto the surface of the Earth, after which she hit the road and delivered researchers to their destination. At the turn of the century, the Lada-Niva-Marsh snow and swamp-going vehicle made two voyages across the North Pole. In the 1990s, a conventional SUV over 15 years in Antarctica covered 11,800 km in absolute off-road conditions at temperatures down to -54 C.
The cars of researchers from other countries were in this condition for 2-3 years. Source: lada.ru
In 1998, Niva managed to climb Everest, where it climbed 5,200 meters, and in 1999, it climbed 5,726 meters in the Himalayas.
9. In the 80s, Niva was the star of world motorsport. Here is a list of his most famous victories: 1981 - gold in the Tunisia Rally and the Algerian Rally; 1982 - first place in the Egyptian “Pharaoh Rally”, first place in the rally in Algeria; 1983 - second place at the Paris-Dakar stage; 1984 - gold, silver and bronze at the “Gathering of the Pharaohs” in Egypt; 1985 - victory in the Cameroon rally, Algeria rally, Valley test rally (New Zealand), McVeigh 1000 rally raid (Australia); 1986 - gold, silver and bronze "Vin Safari" (Australia).
The prototype of the amphibian can be seen in the Ryazan Military Automobile Museum. Source: ru.wikipedia.org
10. The VAZ-2122 amphibian, created for the special services, would have been used with pleasure by both fishermen and hunters, but after testing the project was frozen due to the refusal of Defense Minister Ustinov to allocate funds for mass production.
By order of Yuri Nikulin, an unusual “artist” was created for the issue “The Bears Were Riding”. Source: circusnikulin.ru
And the most original modification was the VAZ-212180 convertible based on the Niva-Fora, created for the circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard.
How does VAZ stand for?
VAZ - Volzhsky Automobile Plant. The first cars were produced in 1970 in Tolyatti. All production technology, including equipment and personnel training, was purchased by the leadership of the Soviet Union from the Italian automobile giant FIAT. Passenger car production plant.
How does GAZ stand for?
You probably noticed that the last two letters of VAZ stand for automobile plant, and the first letter is associated with the region. This decoding formula is applicable to almost all Soviet car brands. GAZ - Gorky Automobile Plant, founded in 1932 in the city of Gorky, now Nizhny Novgorod. Basic technologies were purchased in the USA by the car manufacturer FORD, but later Soviet designers armed themselves with their own technologies, displacing foreign ones. The plant produced not only cars, but also trucks and even buses.
What does KamAZ stand for?
The Kama Automobile Plant (KAMAZ) was built in 1969 in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny. And “Kamsky” - after all, there is a plant on the banks of the Kama. The largest plant in the USSR for the production of trucks and tractors.
How does ZIL stand for?
The ZIL plant was founded in 1916 in Moscow, also known as the plant named after. Likhacheva. It came a long way before it became one of the largest in the USSR. A year after its foundation, the revolution thundered, and it was taken into state ownership. For several years, the plant has been repairing trucks and also conducting activities for the tank industry. During Stalin's leadership of the country, the plant was renamed in his honor, and the products were manufactured under the ZIS brand. Production has been developing since 1957 after a radical reconstruction.
Now you know not only how VAZ and GAZ stand for, but also a little about the history of the Soviet automobile industry. Below you will find a complete list of all factories in the USSR, and there are as many as 20 of them, and this is not counting factories for the production of motorcycles, trolleybuses, trams, and tractors!
- KAZ - Kutaisi Automobile Plant.
- KamAZ - Kama Automobile Plant.
- MAZ - Minsk Automobile Plant.
- BelAZ - Belarusian Automobile Plant.
- GAZ - Gorky Machine-Building Plant.
- ZIL - Plant named after Ivan Likhachev.
- UralAZ - Ural Automobile Plant (under Stalin - UralZIS Ural Plant named after I. Stalin).
- VAZ - Auto Volzhsky Plant.
- IzhMash - Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant.
- AZLK - Automobile Plant named after. Leninsky Komsomol (Moscow).
- SeAZ - Serpukhov Automobile Plant.
- RAF - Riga Bus Plant.
- ErAZ - Yerevan Automobile Plant.
- LuAZ - Lutsk Machine-Building Plant.
- ZAZ - Zaporozhye Automobile Plant.
- Auto UAZ - Ulyanovsk plant.
- LiAZ - Auto Likinsky Plant.
- PAZ - Pavlovsk Automobile Plant.
- KavZ - Kurgan Automobile Plant.
- LAZ - Lviv Automobile Plant.
Wikipedia
VAZ is an abbreviation that can mean:
- VAZ - AvtoVAZ plant and a number of car models from this plant:
- VAZ 1152 "Elf"
- VAZ-10031 "Brontocar"
- VAZ-1111E
- VAZ-1151
- VAZ-1801
- VAZ-2101
- VAZ-2102
- VAZ-2103
- VAZ-2104
- VAZ-2105
- VAZ-2106
- VAZ-2107
- VAZ-2108
- VAZ-2109
- VAZ-21099
- VAZ-2110
- VAZ-21106
- VAZ-2111
- VAZ-2112
- VAZ-21123
- VAZ-2113
- VAZ-2114
- VAZ-2115
- VAZ-2116
- VAZ-2120
- VAZ-2121
- VAZ-21211
- VAZ-2122
- VAZ-2123
- VAZ-2131
- VAZ-2151 “Neoclassic”
- VAZ-2171
- VAZ-2172
- VAZ-21728
- VAZ-2329
- VAZ-2801
- VAZ-2802
- VAZ-416
- VAZ-426
- VAZ-526
VAZ - proper name; distributed in the form of surnames.
- Vaz, José Mario (born 1957) - political and statesman of Guinea-Bissau, President of Guinea-Bissau (since 2014).
- Vaz, Joseph (1651-1711) - saint of the Roman Catholic Church, priest, missionary.
Transliteration: VAZ Read the other way around as: Head VAZ consists of 3 letters
"Volga"
These cars, produced by the Gorky plant since 1959, have long been the most prestigious brand among Soviet citizens. Volgas were more expensive than the then popular Zhiguli, Muscovites and Zaporozhets. But the performance characteristics were also more impressive. Initially, these cars were labeled as GAZ-21. Later, improved GAZ-24 went on sale.
Simultaneously with the Volga, the enterprise was engaged in the production of Chaika cars. These cars were considered even more prestigious than the GAZ-21 and -24. But they went on sale in a very limited edition - just over 3,000 copies.
After some time, the plant began producing model 31029. Then, for 17 years, the enterprises produced the Volga GAZ-3110, which gained enormous popularity. In appearance, it was practically no different from the models of the 70s. The only thing is that the designers chose a more rounded roof shape for it.
In the 80s, the plant created a new Volga - GAZ-3105, equipped with a very powerful engine. However, due to economic problems, the company subsequently produced only about 60 copies of such cars.
At the same time, the plant developed projects for inexpensive sedans GAZ-3103 and 3104. However, such cars were never put into production.
Determining and decoding errors on the VAZ 2114
Car self-diagnosis allows you to identify faults, but some of them are detected extremely rarely. The odometer is used for diagnostic purposes.
Self-diagnosis of VAZ 2114
The sequence of actions is as follows:
- Press and hold the odometer button and turn the ignition key to the first position.
- Release the odometer button and briefly press it again. As a result, the firmware version will be displayed.
- Now, to see the error codes, you need to press and release the odometer button again.
Error codes are presented as numbers from 1 to 9 and two-digit numbers, unlike those displayed by the on-board computer. Thus, using the odometer you can identify some car faults. The most common errors are shown in the table below.
Error codes for VAZ 2114 injector 8 valves: table
| Code | Description of the error |
| 1 | Microprocessor faults |
| 2 | Problems with the fuel level sensor |
| 4 | Exceeding the permissible voltage in the network |
| eight | Mains voltage too low |
| 13 | No signal from oxygen sensor |
| 14 | Very high signal level of the coolant temperature sensor |
| 15 | Coolant temperature sensor signal very low |
| 16 | High voltage in the on-board network |
| 17 | Low voltage in the on-board network |
| 19 | Problems with the crankshaft position sensor signal |
| 24 | Speed sensor malfunction |
| 41 years old | Incorrect phase sensor signals |
| 51, 52 | Problems with the ROM and RAM of the device, respectively |
| 53 | CO potentiometer does not work |
| 61 | Problems with the lambda probe |
Diagnosis of faults using special equipment
To diagnose gas stations, they usually use the car’s on-board computer and a laptop with specialized applications. In this case, you may receive error codes corresponding to various problems. The most common ones are presented in the table.
| Code | Description of the error |
| P0102, P0103 | The mass air flow sensor is giving an incorrect signal. |
| P0122, P0123 | The throttle sensor is giving incorrect information. |
| P0130-P0134 | The oxygen sensor is faulty or the wiring connecting it to the system is damaged. |
| P0201-P0204 | Clogged or shorted injectors or broken wiring to their sensor. |
| P0300 | Ignition problems (skip). |
| P0335, P0336 | The knock sensor is not working properly. |
| P0351, P0352 | Ignition coils are not working properly. When these error codes are displayed, the engine may "triple". Errors P2301 and P2304 may also report this problem. |
| P0480 | The cooling fan is not working. |
| P0505, P0506, P0507 | The idle speed sensor is faulty. |
| P1602 | There is no power to the on-board network (the most common error). |
| R1689 | Malfunctions in the on-board computer. Please note that in this case, incorrect error codes will be issued. |
If errors with other codes occur, you should review the information about them in the file included in the vehicle diagnostic application or search the Internet.
The controller clears the memory after turning off the engine with the ignition and disconnecting power from the battery for 10-15 seconds. This way, after the repair, you can determine whether the problem has been eliminated.
Errors in the VAZ 2114 occur quite often, so the ability to recognize them will not be superfluous in order to properly repair the car. For correct diagnosis, you need a computer with a special program and an understanding of the on-board computer readings.
Indicators, their purpose and operating procedure
To begin with, we note that these instructions for instrument bulbs are relevant for Mazda Tribute and many other cars. After all, similar symbols are used everywhere. The designations of the indicators on the Kia Spectra instrument panel, for example, will differ slightly. Or seeing the Security indicator on the Lexus RX330 instrument panel, anyone can easily recognize it on other cars.
This is an emergency oil pressure lamp. In good condition, it lights up when the ignition is turned on and goes out a few seconds after the engine starts. If the light does not turn off within ten seconds, then you need to turn off the engine and check the oil level. Once you are sure everything is in order, start the engine again. If the lamp continues to burn, you must contact a car service. The light should also not flash while the engine is running - if this happens, check the oil level and bring it to normal. Operating the machine with the oil pressure warning light on or flashing can cause serious engine damage. The designation on the Gazelle dashboard is the same as on other cars.
Generator service lamp. This designation is found on the dashboard of the Chrysler Concorde, for example. It lights up when ignited and goes out after starting the engine - this means that everything is in order with the generator. If the light does not go out in time, then it is not recommended to hit the road - first check that the alternator belt is in its proper place; If everything is fine with the belt, you will have to visit a car service center. If the light comes on while driving, stop and check the belt. If it is not possible to fix the problem right on the spot, then drive further, remembering that the fewer energy consumers are turned on (music, headlights, heated rear window, etc.) and the newer the battery, the further you will be able to get.
Airbag serviceability lamp (Air Bag). If the system is working properly, the light comes on when the ignition or ACC is turned on and goes out after 3-5 seconds. If the indicator does not light up or does not go out, then there is a problem with the system. Unscrupulous sellers can install a timer on a light bulb, which will turn it on even if the system is faulty. You can check by turning on diagnostic mode.
Automatic transmission oil overheating lamp. Sports cars and SUVs are usually equipped with this light. A working light comes on when the ignition is turned on and goes out when the engine starts. The light serves to inform the driver that the oil temperature is approaching a critical value. In this case, you need to stop and let the oil cool. There is no need to turn off the engine.
Anti-lock braking system (ABS) service lamp. Lights up when the ignition is turned on and goes out after a few seconds. If the system is working properly, you will hear the sound of an electric motor turning on for one second. If the light continues to light, it is recommended to visit a car service center; You can drive with the light on, remembering that the ABS does not work, and the wheels will be blocked when the brake pedal is pressed to the floor. The lamp may also light up if the brake light bulbs are completely faulty.
How does ZIL stand for?
The ZIL plant was founded in 1916 in Moscow, also known as the plant named after. Likhacheva. It came a long way before it became one of the largest in the USSR. A year after its foundation, the revolution thundered, and it was taken into state ownership. For several years, the plant has been repairing trucks and also conducting activities for the tank industry. During Stalin's leadership of the country, the plant was renamed in his honor, and the products were manufactured under the ZIS brand. Production has been developing since 1957 after a radical reconstruction.
Now you know not only how VAZ and GAZ stand for, but also a little about the history of the Soviet automobile industry. Below you will find a complete list of all factories in the USSR, and there are as many as 20 of them, and this is not counting factories for the production of motorcycles, trolleybuses, trams, and tractors!
- KAZ - Kutaisi Automobile Plant.
- KamAZ - Kama Automobile Plant.
- MAZ - Minsk Automobile Plant.
- BelAZ - Belarusian Automobile Plant.
- GAZ - Gorky Machine-Building Plant.
- ZIL - Plant named after Ivan Likhachev.
- UralAZ - Ural Automobile Plant (under Stalin - UralZIS Ural Plant named after I. Stalin).
- VAZ - Auto Volzhsky Plant.
- IzhMash - Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant.
- AZLK - Automobile Plant named after. Leninsky Komsomol (Moscow).
- SeAZ - Serpukhov Automobile Plant.
- RAF - Riga Bus Plant.
- ErAZ - Yerevan Automobile Plant.
- LuAZ - Lutsk Machine-Building Plant.
- ZAZ - Zaporozhye Automobile Plant.
- Auto UAZ - Ulyanovsk plant.
- LiAZ - Auto Likinsky Plant.
- PAZ - Pavlovsk Automobile Plant.
- KavZ - Kurgan Automobile Plant.
- LAZ - Lviv Automobile Plant.
Main productions and subsidiaries
During its activities, the plant opened assembly, body, and pilot production facilities.
The main ones by 2014 were:
- Belebeevsky. Located in Bashkortostan, the company produced fasteners for the country's domestic market.
- "Dimitrovgrad Automotive Unit Plant". Automotive components were produced in the workshops here.
- "Skopinsky Automotive Unit Plant" Auto parts produced by the company were supplied to the domestic and foreign markets.
- "AvtoVAZagregat" Supplied units and parts to VAZ.
- Thermal power plant of the Volzhsky Automobile Plant. The station covers the auto giant's energy needs.
During privatization, all industries became joint-stock companies.
The list of AvtoVAZ subsidiaries and affiliates is much longer. Field of activity: car sales, warranty service and repair, sale of spare parts, financial transactions for granting loans, leasing of real estate, other commercial activities.
vaz - from Erzya to Russian
Why Lada 4×4 was previously called Niva
The name “Niva” belongs to the SUV since 1977, and in 2003 it was changed to LADA 4×4. The company owns the Niva name through the former GM-AVTOVAZ JV, which was acquired at the end of 2022.
At one time, in an interview, the chief designer of Niva, Pyotr Mikhailovich Prusov, spoke about the real origin of the name:
"Niva" was named after the children - mine and the first chief designer Solovyov. I had daughters Natalya and Irina. And he has two sons - Vadim and Andrey. There was a slight hiccup with the name. It turned out that there was already such a Niva combine. It was possible, of course, to rename it, but for me it was very personal.
Bronto is a division for the production of special vehicles and SUVs of AVTOVAZ JSC.
Urban – translated from English as “urban”.
Dashing nineties
In the early nineties of the last century, the AvtoVAZ production association, together with the entire country, was in crisis. The plant, despite the crisis, could indeed “get fantastically rich”, since the cost of production was less than half the real cost of the car. But the plant received nothing: the dealers took everything upon themselves, clinging to AvtoVAZ like bugs, sucking out every last ruble. The producer was confidently heading towards bankruptcy.
At the same time, it was a time of radical change. Of course, we also touched on the Lada logo. In the West they borrowed the oval shape. The tower was stylized as the Latin letter S, and the sail as the letter V (intentionally or not, this turned out to be the famous ancient Roman abbreviation meaning “against”). White arches radiated from the sail in different directions, forming another oval, this time unfinished. The background is blue, as is the word LADA in large font.
From the point of view of execution and the philosophy of Western thinking, the brand has become a real logo of Lada VAZ. We have long seen plastic with a chrome plate in cars of the “tenth” Lada family.
What kind of trucks does the plant produce these days?
In the 90s, like many other strategic enterprises in the country, GAZ experienced significant economic difficulties. He began implementing new successful projects only in 2000, after he became part of the Russian Machines holding.
Currently, the plant produces such popular truck models as, for example:
- all-wheel drive GAZ-3308 “Sadko”;
- 3310 "Valdai";
- onboard "GAZon-next";
- "Sadko-next".
Incident with the inscription TOGLYATTI
However, the “kopek” came out with a new emblem (in total, the logo was changed six times), symbolizing the Volga River and the Russian boats that crossed it in ancient times. The author A. Dekalenkov set himself the task of identifying the Russian letter B, that is, Volga, in the contours of the boat.
At the bottom he wrote TOGLYATTI. Tolyatti is a city (formerly Stavropol-Volzhsky), located on the banks of the Volga. Renamed in honor of the then General Secretary of the Communist Party of Italy - Palmiro Togliatti. In this city, in 1966, a plant was opened for the serial production of “people’s” cars.
Dekalenkov's sketch was finalized and put into production. An accident occurred with the word "DELETE". In Turin, instead of the Russian letter I, they printed the Latin R, that is, they mirrored the Russian letter. This batch of emblems (30 pieces) did not reach the car itself and was taken out separately from private collections. It is currently very popular among collectors.
The VAZ-2101 was released in 1970 with this emblem, but the inscription was soon removed, since reference to the place of production was not accepted in heraldry. We also removed the corner frame and enlarged the top of the logo. This is how the third model appeared. On the VAZ-2103, the emblem became almost rectangular in ruby color, through which the waves of the river could be seen. On the VAZ-2106, the waves disappeared, as the paint color was changed to black, and the emblem itself became clearly rectangular. On the VAZ-2105 and VAZ-2108 models, chrome and steel were replaced with more economical and practical plastic. Surprisingly, on the Soviet G8 the sign has a slight flattening. So the car was produced until 2003.
Modern Volgas
Unfortunately, the GAZ brand, whose decoding sounds like “Gorky Automobile Plant,” is not very well known to modern amateur motorists. The company stopped producing older models of this brand back in 1992.
From 2008 to 2010, similar Volga-Cyber cars, based on Chrysler and Dodge Stratus, rolled off the production line of the enterprise. But due to low demand in 2010, the production of such cars was curtailed. Currently, the Gorky plant does not assemble passenger cars.
Lada car logo
It all started with the incompetence of the competent services of the automobile giant, which had just been built on the banks of the great Russian Volga River, near the city of Kuibyshev (now Samara). It was in a hurry, and after receiving a license from Fiat to produce a passenger car, simply called, like everything else in the USSR, VAZ (Volzhsky Automobile Plant), everything happened quickly. Thus, construction was carried out, documentation was prepared, and personnel were recruited. So they forgot to trademark this brand.
They had already started producing the famous “penny” VAZ-2101 when it was made. The emblem, which arrived from Italy, remained blank on the radiator grilles. They did it again according to the Soviet tradition, simply and without brains. Three Russian letters were engraved in the exact proportions of the previous emblem, and this is how the Lada logo appeared - VAZ.
Sources
- https://avto-kontinent.ru/vaz/oshibki.html
- https://avto-lover.ru/novosti/vaz-2114-oshibka-10.html
- https://vazgarage.ru/history.html
- [https://akki-carsh.ru/tyuning/kak-rasshifrovyvaetsya-vaz.html]
- [https://minitraktor34.ru/novoe/vaz-abbreviatura.html]
History of the plant
Until the end of the 20s, cars in the USSR were purchased abroad. In 1929, the government of the country decided to correct this situation. In the spring of this year, a decree was passed on the need to build a modern automobile plant.
The site for the new enterprise was found a month later. It was decided to build a new plant near Nizhny Novgorod, which was called Gorky from 1932 to 1990. The choice of the site next to this settlement was explained by the convenience of the location both in terms of geography and natural resources.
Since there was no experience in building automobile enterprises in the country at that time, it was necessary to invite world-famous engineers to develop the plant project. But, of course, Soviet specialists also took part in the construction of the new automobile enterprise.
Difference from Svarog square
The Star of Lada of the Virgin is visually almost identical to the Star of Rus', also called the Square of Svarog. The external similarity of these signs leads to the fact that sellers often mislead buyers by simply confusing these symbols or deliberately slipping a similar amulet for lack of the necessary one on the counter.
If you do not want to become a victim of such ignorance or dishonesty, carefully study the information about them before purchasing amulets. As for the Star of Lada and the Square of Svarog, the difference between these signs lies in the ellipses. In the Lada symbol they are round, expressing feminine softness, and in the Svarog Square they are sharp, like a spear or sword, which is an integral attribute of a warrior.
Star of Rus' (left) and Star of Lada (right). The first amulet is worn by men, the second by women.
The similarity of the amulets does not end with the appearance. Both signs help to turn to the gods for support and strength, thanks to which they can fulfill their obligation to the Family. But the purpose of men and women is different. A woman must keep the fire burning in the family hearth, and a man must protect his family.
It should also be noted that neither the first nor the second symbol is suitable for children. They are too young and inexperienced, and therefore cannot understand the full significance of these sacred traditions. This applies not only to the symbols of Lada and Svarog, but also to other signs associated with protecting one’s native land and turning to ancestors.
Bottom part
Let's look at the indicators at the bottom of the control panel. If they don’t light up, it means the machine is working normally, and when any of them lights up, this indicates a malfunction in certain components. Most often, this is a signal that repairs are needed, and the sooner the better. From left to right:
- The indicator on the far left at the bottom is the air damper light (if you have a carburetor engine);
- Icon in the form of an oil can. If this light comes on, it means there is insufficient oil pressure in the engine. An alarming signal. You need to stop, find the reason;
- A round icon with the letter P inside on the control panel indicates that you have the parking brake on, which, as you know, should be turned off when moving away;
- Indicator of a fault related to the generator or battery (a symbolic image of the battery is shown on the indicator). Perhaps the battery is not charging from the generator, there is an open circuit, or the generator belt is loose or broken. In any case, your intervention and repairs are needed, otherwise troubles cannot be avoided;
- If the engine is running and the Check Engine indicator is on on the control panel, this is the most unpleasant thing for the driver, since it indicates serious malfunctions in the engine. In general, when this indicator lights up, it is recommended to stop driving and turn off the engine. Most likely it needs repairs;
- Typically there is a red triangle above the Check Engine. It lights up when the “hazard light” is on - an emergency signal sign;
- The headlight light indicates that the high beam is on. Designed to control headlights: when an oncoming car appears, do not forget to switch to low beam;
- A very important indication icon on the front panel (in a red circle) is a signal that there is not enough brake fluid. Perhaps it is leaking somewhere, which it is advisable to find out as soon as possible and, if necessary, carry out urgent repairs and replenish the level;
- The icon of a burning light is a control for turning on the dimensions;
- In addition to the indicated lights, the front control panel has time indicators (and a button for setting hours and minutes) as well as a display that shows the total and daily mileage. On the new panel, this display may be narrow.
Diagnostics
- Check the panel backlight brightness adjustment slider. It often happens that the brightness adjustment is at a minimum and the backlight is very dim or does not light at all;
- Check the panel hanger fuse. On Kalina, the fuses are located under the cover of the light switch block. In the block you need to check fuse F7, it is responsible for the panel illumination. The fuse location diagram is on the light switch block cover;
One of the most common problems is a wiring problem that causes the panel backlight to not work. This usually happens when some wire breaks. In this case, only an electrician can help you.
