In every car, the gas pump is considered one of the important devices that pumps fuel from the tank to the engine. The main thing is that it functions smoothly for good engine performance.
When checking the pump, it is necessary to determine the pressure. As a rule, the pressure of a submersible electric fuel pump is 2-4.5 bar (depending on the brand of the machine). Some engines reach 6 bar. Checking the pressure is not difficult, you just need to connect the pressure gauge to the car. The pump is also checked for productivity and the amount of current consumed.
How does a fuel pump work?
The main function of the gas pump is to transfer fuel from the tank to the engine. In injection engines, the fuel pump is connected to the fuel rail, and in carburetor engines - to the carburetor. Moreover, it is necessary not only to pump fuel, but also to provide a specific pressure.
Very high pressure usually leads to excessive enrichment of the mixture, as well as huge fuel consumption. And too low pressure leads to a decrease in the mixture, as well as a decrease in power. Both the 1st and 2nd cases negatively affect the life of the motor. That is, the fact that the pump pumps gasoline does not confirm its full serviceability.
Table of fuel pressure values by car brand
| car model | Pressure, atm |
| fiat albea | 3,8 |
| Lifan Solano | 3,8 |
| Chevrolet Lanos | 3,8 |
| Chevrolet Cruze | 4 |
| Hyundai Solaris | 4 |
| Hyundai accent | 4 |
| ford focus 2 | 4 |
| UAZ Patriot | 4 |
| UAZ 409 engine | 3,8 |
| subaru legacy | 3,8 |
| Subaru | 3,8 |
| Renault Logan | 3,5 |
| Priora | 3,8 |
| Peugeot 308 | 3,8 |
| Niva Chevrolet | 3,8 |
| Matiz | 3 |
| m57 bmw | 3,8 |
| Lacetti | 3,8 |
| Kia Spectra | 3,8 |
| viburnum | 3,8 |
| infiniti qx56 | 4 |
| ZMZ 406 | 3 |
| ZMZ 405 euro 2 | 3 |
| gazelle 405 euro 3 | 4 |
| gas 3110 | 3 |
| VAZ 2115 | 3 — 3,8 |
| VAZ 2114 | |
| VAZ 2112 | |
| VAZ 2110 | |
| VAZ 2107 injector | 2,5 — 3 |
| gazelle 4216 | 3,8 |
| z18xe | 3,8 |
| nissan primera | 3,8 |
| lexus is 250 | 3,8 |
| ix35 | 3,8 |
| Daewoo Nexia | 3,2-3,8 |
Difficulties with fuel supply - common symptoms
Failures of the fuel supply system are conventionally divided into 2 groups:
- The combustible composition does not enter the cylinders at all.
- Fuel flows intermittently or under low pressure.
In the first case, the engine cannot start and does not engage the starter during rotation, i.e. it does not work. In such a situation, it is much easier to determine the cause of the malfunction.
If little gasoline enters the cylinders, the following symptoms occur:
- turning on the power device “when cold” is too difficult, the engine seizes, “sneezes”, and starts after 3–10 attempts;
- The idle speed is unstable, the engine “troubles”;
- active acceleration becomes unrealistic - sudden opening of the throttle causes a prolonged dip, as well as deceleration;
- if the driver releases the accelerator pedal, the engine usually quiets down;
- The car has difficulty climbing hills and also accelerates slowly when fully loaded.
The cause of the above phenomena may be a breakdown of the fuel pump or other system components. In addition, the main features are almost the same. To perform a clear diagnosis, you need to know how the power supply structure of the machine works.
Replacing the VAZ 2114 fuel filter: instructions for performing the work
Regular vehicle diagnostics and maintenance help avoid breakdowns. The VAZ 2114 fuel filter must be replaced in a timely manner. The device is located in the fuel system, the breakdown of which negatively affects the functioning of the engine.
Main reasons for replacement
The fuel filter on a VAZ filters out various impurities in gasoline using a special material. The cellular structure of the device in question becomes clogged during operation. In this case, malfunctions occur in the operation of the vehicle’s power unit. Replacement of the fuel filter is required if the following symptoms are present:
- the vehicle stalls at idle;
- gasoline consumption increases;
- presence of failures in the performance of the motor;
- The engine power decreases, it throttles;
- failure to start the engine;
- VAZ 2114 twitches while driving uphill;
- braking during movement.
If the VAZ 2114 filter is very dirty, this may indicate the following problems:
- malfunction of the crankshaft position sensors;
- incorrect throttle position;
- mass air flow;
- detonation;
- wiring fault;
- failure of spark plugs.
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The pressure gauge is connected to the nipple located on the fuel injector frame. If the pressure gauge readings are lower than those regulated by the manufacturer, the device is cleaned.
The fuel purifier is made in the form of a cartridge built into the fuel system of the VAZ 2114. It can be inspected on an overpass. The main elements of the fuel system are installed in front of the exhaust pipe. The vehicle is equipped with injection power units with a working volume of 1.5-1.6 liters. The operating pressure for the fuel filter on the VAZ 2114 ranges from 3-5 bar.
Instructions for performing work
The VAZ 2114 fuel filter can be replaced at a service station or independently. To do the work yourself, you will need the following materials and tools:
- O-rings;
- a new filter with a suitable design;
- open-end wrenches 10, 17 and 19 mm;
- 2 containers.
It is recommended to carry out repair work in a well-ventilated area. Due to the high flammability and combustibility of gasoline, safety precautions must be observed. You should not smoke and avoid open sources of fire nearby. It is imperative to protect the skin and mucous membranes from contact with fuels and lubricants.
- fastenings are treated with lubricant;
- remove the fuel line fitting using 17 and 19 mm wrenches;
- the filter can be held with a 19 mm wrench;
- the remaining gasoline is poured into a previously prepared dry and clean container.
The fitting of the fuel outlet line is removed by analogy and the remaining gasoline is drained from this area. The clamp is loosened with an open-end wrench by 10. The used cleaner is dismantled. To remove the pipes in models with a 1.6 liter engine, you will need to press on the spring clamps of the fuel line. Now a new gasoline purifier is being installed.
O-rings are replaced with new analogues. Drops of gasoline that fall on the filter must be wiped dry. When replacing the fuel filter, install the new device in the reverse order. There is an arrow on the purifier body indicating the direction of movement of the fuel flow. In models with a 1.5 liter engine, the arrow should point from the right side to the left, in cars with a 1.6 liter engine - vice versa.
Then you need to wait until the air is displaced from the new purifier and filled with fuel. The next stage involves checking the tightness of the connections. The engine is started for a few seconds. A check is made for the presence of gasoline leaks. If necessary, you will need to fit the tubes tightly onto the purifier.
The fuel filter on a VAZ is replaced every 30 thousand kilometers. Filling your car with low-quality fuel with a large amount of impurities shortens the service life of the purifier. In this case, the device is replaced every 10 thousand km.
The gasoline pump does not pump: reasons
If the gasoline pressure becomes lower than possible and the pump stops functioning, then it is necessary to understand why the pump does not pump fuel. If there is no hum in the fuel pump, i.e. it does not turn on when the ignition is turned on:
- You need to check the 12 Volt power supply, as well as the ground on the pump chip. If the relay does not work, then you need to install an electronic control unit “brains”. If there is no voltage, then the cause should be found and eliminated in the electrical circuit of the machine.
- Then, if there is voltage and ground, you need to check whether the wires in the fuel pump are damaged. To do this you need to remove it from the tank. On VAZ modules, the chip in the pump housing often burns out. Then you will need to replace the chip and the upper connector on the module body.
- If everything is fine here, but the motor does not work, then connect 12 volts from the battery to the module and also check the hum of the pump. If the pump does not function, this means that it is broken and the pump motor needs to be replaced.
And if the fuel pump is functioning, but does not pump fuel, then you need to check:
- Fuel pressure in the rail.
- Clogging of pipelines, fine and coarse filters.
- Fuel pressure stabilizer for functionality. It is located on the ramp or in the fuel pump module (in the tank).
- A frequent cause of breakdown is water in the tank, which turns into ice in winter, so the pump functions, but does not provide the necessary pressure.
Checking the serviceability of the pump on the injector
If you hear a slight noise when turning the ignition key, then this is how the fuel pump functions. By pushing up the fuel, it creates pressure in the structure. If, when trying to start, there are no similar symptoms of the fuel pump, then we can assume a breakdown of the electrics, the fuel pump or its separate elements.
How to check a fuel pump: techniques, methods, breakdowns
Modern cars are equipped with an electronic engine control system. Gasoline is injected into the combustion chamber using nozzles. An electric pump is provided to supply fuel. Fuel from the tank at a specific pressure of approximately 3-4 atm enters the nozzles and is distributed over the valve plate or directly onto the piston.
Most often, a submersible centrifugal pump is used. As a module, it is placed directly into the tank. There are also mounted fuel pumps, but they are not very popular.
Car owners may encounter a situation where the car does not start, pulls weakly, or drives irregularly. The reason for this, for example, could be a pump failure. It stops providing the necessary pressure to the fuel structure, and the nozzle sprays gasoline poorly, and the composition in the combustion chamber will not ignite.
The fuel pump needs to measure the pressure in the rail or near the pump. Usually the ramp has a separate fitting for a pressure gauge. In addition, it is possible to measure the pressure with your own hands using a pressure gauge at home, if one is available.
Difficulties in this procedure do not appear if there is a pipe in the ramp. And if it is missing, then you need to find the connection area in the fuel pipeline, and also install the device in the gap in the fuel supply hose, for which you will need a tee.
It is pointless to check the pressure by pressing the nipple in the ramp, because due to fuel vapors, as well as heating, you may mistakenly think that there is pressure. If there are no sounds from the pump, then you need to check the power using a multimeter or test lamp. Measuring rail pressure is included in the cost of checking the engine. It would be wiser to check the entire fuel structure and also eliminate the violations on site.
Let's sum it up
High-quality car parts allow you to operate your car for a long time without any problems. It is worth paying attention to components of original origin or close in quality to the originals. If the fuel pump in your car has failed, you will most likely have to replace it. In some cases, repairs are possible when the problems do not directly affect the pump itself and its working part. With a faulty pump, it is impossible to even get to a service station, so you should pay attention to signs of breakdown in time and take action in advance to eliminate such a problem.
If your car has trouble starting the engine, the sound of the pump from the tank, floating idle speed and other signs of problems with fuel pressure in the rail, you should immediately run diagnostics and find out what the problems are related to. It is quite possible that the troubles are related to other devices, but the gas pump is working properly and performs its tasks without problems. A good diagnosis will help you definitively answer this question.
Preventing fuel pump malfunctions
The best prevention for long service life of the fuel pump is its careful and correct use and, in addition, following the following rules:
- Absolutely all scheduled vehicle repairs must be accompanied by the replacement of all fuel filters.
- You should check the fuel tank, that is, make sure the tank and filters are clean; and check the quality of the gasoline being filled (the absence of water, sand and other impurities in it).
- Eliminate the possibility of water entering the fuel tank.
- Protect the pump housing from mechanical stress, which may cause dents and cracks to appear on the machine, which contribute to the formation of corrosion processes.
The fuel pump, like every other device, gradually wears out and stops functioning. If you suspect that the pump is faulty, you must immediately diagnose it.
