Mass air flow sensor (MAF) VAZ 2110: check, replacement

In domestic cars Lada Priora and Lada Kalina, the air flow sensor is a hot-wire type sensor with frequency signaling (Hz). It is used to meter the air supply into the intake manifold. The signals are transmitted to the ECU as the volume of air that is supplied to form the fuel-air mixture. Incorrect data leading to loss of power and increased consumption may occur due to contamination or sensor failure. We propose to consider which mass air flow sensors are installed on Priora and Kalina, what signs can be used to identify problems, how to clean and replace them.

Principle of operation

The piston stroke occurs when fuel is burned with air in a ratio of 1:14, maintaining which ensures optimal operation of the power plant. When the proportion decreases or increases, the engine does not stop working, but there is excessive fuel consumption or a decrease in engine operating power.

We need a mass air flow sensor so that air flows in portions. The operation of the unit proceeds as follows: the VAZ 2110 air flow sensor calculates the portion of fresh air, and then sends the data to the main computer, which, based on this information, calculates the portion of fuel.

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The harder you push the gas, the more filtered air the powerplant requires. The mass flow sensor detects the increase and commands the electronics to increase the amount of fuel. When moving at the same speed, each portion should be equal to the previous one.

The mass air flow sensor receives data on the load of the power unit, and then calculates the required portion of air. When the driver presses the pedal, the throttle valve opens, thereby increasing the volume of intake air - the load increases. When the pedal is released, the load drops.

Why does a faulty mass air flow sensor affect the operation of the internal combustion engine?

To form the correct proportions of the fuel-air mixture (the stoichiometric ratio per 1 kg of gasoline is 14.7 kg of air), the ECU controller needs to know the mass of air entering the combustion chambers. It is this data in the form of a variable voltage value that comes from the mass air flow sensor. The calibration graph of a working flow meter on a Priora shows that with the throttle valve closed (air flow 0 kg/hour), the MAF ADC voltage is approximately 1 V.

The graph also shows the accuracy with which (up to 1/1000 volt) the signal readings change with increasing air flow. This indicates the high sensitivity of the flow meter sensor system. The slightest malfunction and the data will be distorted.

As a consequence, there is a violation of the formation regime of the fuel mixture and a sharp deterioration in the characteristics of the internal combustion engine.

Overview and characteristics of the mass air flow sensor

The sensor is connected to the electrical harness and is located in the intake tract. The signal from the mass air flow sensor is a direct current, which has its own voltage. The magnitude of the current depends on the movement of air in the Priora that has passed through the sensor. The Priora mass air flow sensor includes:

• a ring located inside the sensor, it is designed to fix the filter;
• the filter itself, located in the mass air flow sensor;
• inlet flange;
• different thermoelements;
• electronic board;
• contact connector;
• outlet flange.

3 thermocouples were installed inside the sensor. The first determines the temperature in the environment. Heating the air to the desired specific temperature is assigned to the next two thermoelements.

During the measurement of electrical power, the determination of the consumed air begins to occur. Electric power maintains the temperature at the desired level.

The filter that is installed in the Priora mass air flow sensor prevents large particles from entering the sensor housing. If this happens, the thermocouples may fail. It also has the function of cutting air to ensure even distribution of air. The filter is fixed with a ring intended for it in the inlet flange.

There is one rubber ring on each side of the housing for sealing. This is done to prevent air from being sucked in. Great importance should be paid to the seal ring located between the housing and the outlet flange located in the sensor.

If air begins to be sucked in, the system will not be able to take this into account, as a result of which the fuel mixture will become leaner. In this case, it is impossible to ensure maximum engine performance. It will be difficult to know that this is the problem with poor sensor performance. This will be difficult to do even with measuring instruments.

If foreign particles get into the mass flow sensor housing, it may fail. The MAF is a precise measuring device and, as has already been proven, does not tolerate anything hitting its body. The sensor on the car can be wire or film.

The mass air flow sensor on Priora is of the film type. The film is placed on a ceramic base. It contains both measuring and compensation resistors. These resistors are located inside the film. With this design, the sensor looks more reliable.

The film performs only the measuring elements. The substrate, in turn, functions as the strength elements of the structure. But such a sensor also has its drawbacks. Such sensors have a mechanical contact between the resistance track and the tire made of metal, resulting in wear.

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Basic faults

The mass air flow sensor rarely fails, but if this happens, it will not be difficult to determine the malfunction. To do this, know the main signs with which you can check the condition:

• Excessive consumption of fuel. We learn about this from the on-board computer indicators. If a malfunction occurs, consumption may increase by 1 liter or more.
• Decrease in dynamics. The engine does not produce the power that yesterday was not a difficult task for the VAZ 2110.
• Interruptions in the operation of the power plant. Slow acceleration or too fast.
• The engine does not start or does not start the first time.
• Floating speed. This concept means that a spontaneous increase or decrease in speed occurs.

Having studied these signs, you might think that they are common. To be sure that the mass air flow sensor is broken or absent, we need to check the sensor. Diagnosis can be performed in several ways.

Signs of a malfunction of the mass air flow sensor on Priora and Kalina

The first and main sign of a flow meter failure is increased gasoline consumption. When the sensor stops working normally, the engine on Priora and Kalina begins to consume a minimum of 13 liters, a maximum of 16-18 l/100 km. This may also be accompanied by either unstable idle speed or consistently high speed. The third sign is a sharp drop in power when driving, the car begins to “kick” or accelerate slowly.

Indirect signs of DMRV malfunctions:

• increased CO2 levels;
• gray exhaust, black velvet carbon deposits on all spark plugs;
• If you suddenly release the gas pedal while driving, the engine will stall.

Determining the malfunction of the mass air flow sensor

There are various breakdowns in the Priora mass air flow sensor. To understand that the mass air flow sensor is faulty, you need to check it using the Check Engine lamp, or a multitester designed for testing. If you are shown error codes 34 or 33, then the mass air flow sensor has a malfunction. This means you need to check the motor.

If you notice poor acceleration dynamics, the car begins to brake sharply and accelerate sharply, then this also serves as a signal that your sensor is broken. Interruptions in engine operation and jumps in speed also indicate this. If the car stops the engine when changing gears, then you should check the sensor.

The engine crankcase ventilation system has its own characteristics. It has two circuits installed. The first one is large, it starts working when the throttle valve is open. The second is small, works in idle mode, when the throttle is closed.

And some of them touch the film resistor of the mass flow sensor. The deposited resins begin to change the characteristics of this resistor, so the sensor begins to fake. In this regard, the idle speed controller also begins to malfunction, this affects the engine starting.

Testing and diagnostic methods

Shutdown

This method involves starting the motor with the sensor removed - we need to disconnect its connector. When turned off, the controller starts emergency mode, and new portions of the mixture are calculated based on the position of the damper. We need to drive a little, the speed should be above 1500 rpm. If the car behaves more dynamically without a mass air flow sensor, then the diagnosis is complete - it’s time to change the consumable.

Checking with a multimeter

This test requires that you have skills in using a multimeter (tester). The method is suitable for almost all VAZ models, including 2110. We need to take a multimeter and set it to a mode that measures constant voltage, which is usually designated DCV or only V. To work with the mass air flow sensor, you need to understand its pinout, it is as follows:

• Yellow, closest to the windshield, supplies current to the signal input;
• Green indicates ground;
• The pink or red-black wire comes from the main relay;
• The white-gray wire is responsible for the voltage output.

Depending on the model, the colors may be different, but the location does not change. Here you will have to deal with a specific model. But once you find the input signal wiring (closer to the windshield) and grounding, you can do it without instructions. The wiring is clear, now you need to turn on the ignition without starting the engine.

The tester sets a limit of 2 Volts. The black probe of the tester is connected to the green ground wire of the air flow sensor, and the red one is connected to the yellow one. The measurement takes place between two terminals. The probes must be inserted carefully; an additional needle is not required, since the probes can be freely inserted along the wires without damaging the insulation.

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We look at the tester display. If the consumable is new, then there we will see a voltage indicator of 1.01. Over time, the indicator increases as the resistors wear out (the resistance drops). The larger the number, the greater the wear of the sensitive element:

• In good condition, the indicator will be 1.01… 1.02;
• With “normal” - 1.02... 1.03;
• The sensor will soon stop working – 1.03… 1.04;
• The dying state of the flow meter is accompanied by an indicator of 1.04… 1.05;
• Replacement of the unit is required when the reading is 1.05 or higher.

Diagnostics can also be carried out without a multimeter. Instead, you can use the on-board computer. To do this, you need to go to the “voltage from the mass flow sensor” section; we are interested in the “U MAF” indicator.

Visual inspection

Here we need to carefully examine the surface of the corrugation and consumables. To check the condition, we need to loosen the air intake clamp at the outlet of the mass air flow sensor, and then pull it off. If you see traces of grease or condensation on the surface, then most likely they have damaged the unit.

Sometimes the sensor can be “reanimated” by removing all the dirt. It ends up in the consumables due to rare changes of the air filter. If liquid appears on the sensitive element, this is a 90% failure. Lubricating oil enters due to a clogged oil separator or due to an increased level in the crankcase.

If the above-described elements are detected, the diagnosis can be completed. If the surface is clean, move on. Remove the consumable from the air filter. It is held in place only by 2 screws, which are unscrewed with the 10th key. Looking at the photo, we see that there is an o-ring on the front of the mass flow sensor. It is installed for sealing - unfiltered air cannot leak through the inlet.

If this ring (in the photo it is green, but your color may be different) has slipped or remains in the filter housing, then a layer of dust can be found on the consumable mesh. Such a defect is enough to cause the sensitive element to fail. You need to assemble the unit according to the following scheme: check the reliability of the sealing skirt, put on the rubber ring, place the sensor in the air filter housing.

During diagnostics, first of all, the clamp holding the air supply pipe to the mass flow sensor is loosened. You will need a Phillips screwdriver here. The corrugation itself must also be inspected. Its inner surface must be clean and dry. The presence of traces of dampness or condensation indicates a failure of the air filter. Its malfunction usually leads to rapid failure of the mass air flow sensor.

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Let's try to go for a ride. If the car feels “faster”, then we can say that the mass air flow sensor is not working.

By the way, for ECU Y7.2, M7.9.7. The speed does not increase when the chip is turned off!

Method No. 2: Alternative ECU firmware. If the standard firmware of the controller was replaced with another, then it is unknown what is built into it in case of emergency mode in method No. 1. Try sliding a 1mm thick plate under the damper stop. The revs will rise. Pull out the chip from the mass air flow sensor. If it doesn’t stall, it means the problem is with the firmware, or rather with the IAC steps in emergency mode without a mass air flow sensor.

Method No. 3: Checking the mass air flow sensor with a multimeter. This method works on Bosch sensors with catalog numbers: 0 280 218 004, 0 280 218 037, 0 280 218 116. Turn on the tester in the DC voltage measurement mode, set the measurement limit to 2 Volts. DMRV pinout:

1. Yellow (closest to the windshield) - mass air flow sensor signal input;
2. Gray-white—sensor supply voltage output;
3. Green — sensor grounding output;
4. Pink-black - to the main relay.

How to repair a Priora mass air flow sensor?

The MAF costs a lot. According to the laws of the market, there are reasons for this. However, everything is much simpler! We have to pay a high price for the sensor due to our ignorance. Few people imagine how the mass air flow sensor works. Also, few people know why it stops working. Sellers always impose the opinion that if the mass air flow sensor starts to mope, then you definitely need to buy a new one.

The structure of the sensor is simple. But if you cannot find the fault in its malfunction, then it is better to visit a car repair shop. It is difficult to overestimate the role of the sensor. In order for the controller to monitor the uninterrupted operation of the ignition and injectors, it must more accurately know the air flow of the engine.

When repairing a Priora, the mass air flow sensor should be checked with a diagnostic device, the scale of which is up to 2 V. The wire from the device is inserted between the rubber seal and the yellow wire. Do this until the contacts rest. Measure the voltage at this contact point.

To do this, turn the ignition key. The ideal option is 0.99 V. When measuring, inaccuracy is allowed, but not more than 1.03 V. If the readings are higher, someone immediately runs to the store to buy a new sensor. But let's not rush.

Using pliers, unscrew the screws that secure the measuring element to the sensor. It is better to select self-tapping screws for a Phillips screwdriver. It will be easier for you to unscrew them in the future. Now you need to work with the removed element. Prepare washing equipment in advance. This will be an aerosol carburetor cleaner. Bend its tube at an angle of 90˚.

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To do this, heat the tube in the flame of a match. After this, cut it so that the tube itself is straight and the stream is directed to the side. Insert it into the upper valve of the removed element by 10 mm and rinse the resistor. Repeat this procedure after a couple of seconds.

Allow the cleaner to dry. Only then insert the sensor back into the housing. After this, the voltage measurement should be repeated. If during the measurement everything remained the same, then the mass air flow sensor on the Priora really did its job.

After flushing the sensor, some engine characteristics may change. In this case, it is worth checking the exhaust toxicity and adjusting it if necessary. If, during the check, the measurements returned to normal, then you can safely continue driving.

Not everyone wants to go to a service center and check the sensor to see if it is working properly, but some will simply feel sorry for the money. How can you find out for yourself whether the sensor is working or not without a service station?

To check the mass air flow sensor, you need to unscrew the clamp. This clamp secures the air intake corrugation. This action should be performed with a curved screwdriver. After the clamp has been removed, we begin to carefully remove the pipe. Inspect the surface of the pipe. Look inside the pipe, it should be clean and, of course, dry.

Using a 10mm wrench, unscrew the fastening elements of the mass air flow sensor in the Priora and inspect it. The rubber ring at the edge of the entrance should be in place. If this is not the case, correct it or replace it. If this is not done, then due to dust that gets into the sensor, it will stop working correctly.

If oil or traces of it were found in the design of the part, this will indicate that your oil sump is clogged, or that the concentration of lubricant in the engine is increased. In the first case, clean the system, and in the second, drain the excess oil.

Checking the mass air flow sensor using a multimeter

It is advisable to use a digital multimeter, with measurement accuracy up to hundredths of a volt in the range of 2, 10, or 20 V DC voltage.

1. Checking the supply voltage from the ECU controller is carried out with the connector disconnected and the ignition on, without starting the engine. At contacts No. 2 and 4 there should be 12 V and 5 V, respectively, relative to contact No. 3 (ground). This is the supply voltage of the device and the variable resistor with a platinum thread.
2. Checking the signal voltage at rest is carried out with the connector connected, the ignition on, and the engine not started. It is necessary to firmly insert the probes from the back of the connector into contacts Nos. 3 and 5.

3. A working sensor will show 1 volt ± 0.02 V. If the voltage is outside the error of 0.05 V, the sensor is faulty.

Replacement and installation instructions

We have studied the malfunctions and symptoms, what a mass air flow sensor is is now clear. If we succeed in checking, and we know that the flow meter is faulty, all that remains is to replace it. To do this, you need to prepare a replacement unit (you can buy a non-standard model) and a screwdriver. Visual inspection implies analysis, but let’s repeat it again:

1. You need to turn off the engine and remove the key from the ignition.
2. Pull out the sensor connector as shown in the photo.
3. Now you can remove the hose on the inlet pipe. It is attached with clamps to the air filter. After removing the clamps, the hose can be dismantled.
4. Now we can remove the mass flow sensor and perform the replacement.

Installing a new element is done in exactly the same way.

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