Lada Granta has difficulty engaging 1st gear. Why doesn't the reverse gear engage on the fret? Explanation of the difficulty of shifting gears on the Granta fret

The clarity of gear engagement and the operation of the entire shift mechanism often worries owners of cars with a manual transmission. A common problem is that after starting the engine, one or more gears are engaged with great effort or not completely, it is not possible to change gears, at the moment of switching on, extraneous noise is heard, unnecessary vibrations appear, etc.

Such malfunctions appear unexpectedly, and difficulties when shifting gears can increase gradually. Speeds may be difficult to switch on “cold” and/or “hot”. It is noteworthy that gears in a manual transmission often shift normally when the engine is turned off.

Read in this article

Cabin wires

When the fuse is fully operational, everything is in order with the plug, and the Kalina does not engage reverse gear, look at the switch located under the decorative cover near the gearshift lever itself. There are two wires connected to this switch. They are connected to each other. If the transmission started to turn on normally, then the reason was precisely in the switch.

You can measure the voltage on the wires using needles. There must be at least 12 V at the switch. If you don’t have a multimeter, you can measure the voltage using a light bulb. If it does not light up, this indicates a broken wire. This usually happens in the place where the clamp is installed on the pallet. This easily explains the question: why reverse gear does not engage on the Lada Kalina.

The clamp is removed and compressed at the bottom of the fastener. Next, disconnect the lamp switch connector. Then take out the entire tourniquet. The broken wire will be visible immediately. What to do next? The cord is connected to a piece of good wire - you can make a simple twist.

But it's best to solder the connection. Then everything is assembled in reverse order. If the transmission is engaged, then the problem is solved.

Poor activation due to the slider

First, let's look at why first gear doesn't engage well and the problem is with the transmission.

Often the problem with turning on the speed lies in the latch and slider. The appearance of a burr near the groove for the retainer on the slide can easily prevent the ball retainer from entering the groove. When moving the slider, the latch rests on this burr and cannot overcome it without significant effort from the driver. In this case, the gears come very close to each other, but do not engage, and the teeth of one gear hit the other.

Comparison of manual transmission 2180 and manual transmission 2181

The difference between the two boxes is significant:

Instead of rigid rods, a cable is used (Japanese company Atsumitec). Due to this, vibration on the body and gearshift knob is reduced.
Multi-cone synchronizers were installed in 1st and 2nd gears. This increases the service life of the components and reduces the effort when engaging gears.
The clutch diameter was increased to 215 mm. In this regard, it was necessary to use a different crankcase, and place the starter not along the box, but along the engine.
The bevel angle of the synchronizer teeth was reduced (from 125 to 100º), as well as the preload force (from 150 to 70 N). This made switching easier.
The gear selection mechanism has been newly developed (Schaeffler Group).
The gear selection mechanism was moved from bottom to top. This made it possible to eliminate oil leaks and make gear shifting easier in cold weather.
The design of the gear selection mechanism includes a selector plate, providing a clear gear shift pattern.
The mechanism includes a lock to prevent accidental reverse gear.
The oil volume in the gearbox decreased from 3.3 liters to 2.2.
From the factory, semi-synthetics are poured into the gearbox instead of mineral water.

Clutch faults

Often the reason why first gear does not engage well is not the gearbox itself, but the clutch.

Modern gear transmissions are equipped with synchronizers that equalize the speed of rotation of the gears, ensuring ease of engagement.

However, the first speed is not equipped with a synchronizer. If the clutch “drives”, then when the pedal is depressed, the transmission of torque from the engine to the gearbox does not completely stop.

Because of this, there is a difference in the rotation of the shafts and gears of the first gear, in particular.

It is quite possible that the reverse gear will also not engage, or it will be difficult to engage. Moreover, if you manage to engage the gear, the car begins to move even with the clutch pedal fully depressed. An additional sign of clutch problems is that the car jerks when changing gears, especially if any of the gears do not have synchronizers.

Gearbox linkages and rods

I remember I was “infuriated” on the VAZ 2114 by the fact that the gearbox lever was swinging from side to side like a “spoon in a glass”; I always wanted to make it stiffer, in some way. But there was only one way, to climb down the car and play with the scenes and rods. In principle, they can be released, tightened, the lever can be adjusted for tilt, etc. In general, I played around, but I noticed that if I press the lever too hard to the left, the ability to engage gear (first and reverse) disappears. This manifests itself when the car is not running, I’m already silent about the running engine.

Often the slides break, or they fly out of the fastenings, or the wear is simply enormous and they need to be replaced (this happens with high mileage). The very first thing we do is climb under the car and look at them.

Knocking out the speed

If it turns on, but immediately turns off, then the latch may be stuck in the squeezed position, so it no longer does its job. It is also possible that the spring that presses the ball retainer is destroyed. Without the force of the spring, it will not be able to hold the slider in the desired position.

If significant force is applied while shifting into gear, the shift fork may bend.

Poor switching may also be caused by incorrect installation of the gearshift knob. In this case, the rocker does not bring the gear to full engagement.

Causes of gearbox failure

The complex mechanism constantly works under load and under extreme conditions. Constant vibration, rising temperatures, dust and dirt. If one or more speeds fail to turn on, you should check:

cable tension and integrity;
fastening the scenes;
wear on the clutch disc;
petals on a basket;
bearing integrity;
plug condition.

Clutch

When the clutch discs wear out, the pedal moves up and its position becomes higher than the others. In this case, when turned on, a crunching sound may be heard and the lever does not move, as if it is resting against an obstacle. You should not force the assembly, as this can lead to more serious damage - the gears will fly.

You can check by removing the rubber plug. The destroyed disc leaves fibers that look like tangled strands of hair. If such a phenomenon occurs, then a new clutch disc should be installed.

Cable

Due to constant loads, the cable stretches and must be periodically adjusted and tightened. In this case, the VAZ 21093 does not engage the first and second gears, and the rear may also fail. To fix the breakdown, you need to drive into the pit and tighten the cable. If it is worn out, replace it immediately. You can do this yourself.

A similar breakdown can also manifest itself in the failure of the gears to engage while the engine is running. Sliding along the splines is limited and fixation does not occur.

Basket

The reason for difficult shifting of individual gears, especially if there is a crackling sound that gradually fades during movement, may be the destruction of the spacer ring in the basket

Notice that there are drops of oil on the outside. Then remove the basket and check the O-ring and disc blades

Pay attention when purchasing new parts, because on some models the disk is missing and then you have to install pins and secure it yourself.

Backstage

A loose link must be tightened with an assistant. No special knowledge or skills are required, just the ability to hold the lever in the desired position while you crawl under the car and tighten the bolts. When the scenes on the VAZ 2109 are loosened, the speeds do not engage, and especially the rear ones.

Place the car on a hole or hill to have access to the bottom. Set the lever to neutral if several speeds do not engage. When only the reverse gear does not work, make adjustments using it. An assistant must hold the shift knob in the specified position without moving it anywhere.

It is necessary to loosen the bolt from below by 13, check the engagement of the gears, and having installed everything in place, tighten the bolt. If there is a problem with several gears, everything is done the same way, but it is set to neutral, or rather the shift knob is in the middle position. You can watch the video on how to do this.

Fork

Most often it fails on the road. If you slow down at a traffic light, the speed will not turn on to continue driving. A crack that forms on the fork body can lead to its destruction at any time, even under minor loads.

The main causes of manual transmission malfunctions

In good condition, a car with a manual transmission accelerates quickly and without jerking. It is worth highlighting the symptoms that a malfunction of the gearbox on the car has occurred:

one or more gears do not engage;
changing speeds is difficult;
“knocks out” the transmission, extraneous noise is heard;
the appearance of oil smudges under vehicles.

The range of occurrence of these manifestations is quite wide, ranging from gear wear to the use of low-quality gear oil. As a rule, a problem with shaft bearings occurs if vehicles have been in operation for a long time. If they are worn out, noise may occur at idle.

If there is no lubrication on the bearing or there are cracks on the rollers, a whistle may be heard.

The clutch includes a disc and a basket. Malfunctions of the basket may be associated with wear of the “petals”, as a result of which it will overheat, which will affect the efficiency of changing speeds. Gears often fail to shift because the friction linings of the disc have become deformed. Against this background, a drop in power indicators may be observed.

In case of any manifestations, you cannot do without diagnosing the car transmission. This procedure should be entrusted to car service specialists. In some cases, repair work may involve replacing the transmission fluid. Adding new fuel to the existing old one is allowed, but you should use fuel of the same brand that was previously added. Otherwise, mixing liquids of different brands will negatively affect the functioning of the vehicle.

Reverse does not engage - reasons

Before you start drastic actions and disassemble “anything and everything”, check the gear shift lever itself, this may be the reason. The linkage and cardan are quite often the cause of this breakdown. The splines could also be worn out or the clamp loosened. In this case, you will need an inspection hole.
A faulty release bearing is an option. Although it is unlikely, since in this case all gears without exception would be engaged with a characteristic crunch and with great effort.
Reverse gear may stop engaging due to problems in the reverse gear locking mechanism; in order to confirm or refute this, remove the gear shift knob along with the dashboard between the seats and perform a visual inspection.

In my case, the problem was precisely the faulty wiring of the transmission lock solenoids (break or fracture), how I solved this issue, read on.

How to check and repair the reverse gear locking mechanism of a Lada Kalina with your own hands?

Theory:

Power comes to the solenoid through a switch ring located on the gearshift knob. It works like this: you lift the ring, thereby turning on the solenoid, the rod is pulled into the solenoid, which leads to unlocking the reverse gear. You can then engage reverse gear by moving the gear shift knob. Next, the “limit switch” located on the box is turned on, and the rear stops are turned on, and an intermittent sound signal is turned on in the cabin.

Here is the solenoid control circuit:

Through fuse F21, +12 Volts are supplied to solenoid L1, using switch S1 on the handle, the circuit is closed to ground, after which the solenoid coil is activated.

1. The 10A fuse we need, F21, is located 8th on the left in the fuse block. Take it out and check it with a tester. If the fuse is defective, replace it with a new one of the same rating.

2. Now it's time to check the switch, to do this, lift the cover on the handle, after which you will see the connector connected to the switch. Carefully turn it off.

3. Using a paper clip, you need to close the contacts of the connector from which the wires go down under the Kalina floor. Now try to engage reverse gear; if it does, the switch is faulty. If not, continue troubleshooting.

4. Remove the connector from the solenoid, install two pins in it, then use a tester to measure the voltage, the device should show 12 volts. In addition, you need to load it with a light bulb. A 5-Watt 12 V is suitable for this; if the light bulb does not light up, you have an open circuit, and the voltage is explained by the resistance formed due to copper oxide. As practice shows, 99% of breaks and fractures occur in the harness, in the place where the clamp is installed on the pallet.

5. Remove the clamp by squeezing its fasteners from below.

6. Disconnect the connector from the stop switch and remove the entire harness. Remove the electrical tape from the corrugation and remove the wires. If the wire is broken or broken, you will notice characteristic signs.

7. Using wire cutters, pinch off the wires and connect others of similar cross-section and diameter. It is better to solder the twist itself and insulate it or use heat shrink. If desired, you can put on another corrugation, the main thing is that moisture does not penetrate, otherwise the problem will very soon recur. I personally threw away the clamp, if you need it you can leave it. Secure the harness with a plastic clamp.

8. Connect the connectors and check the operation of the solenoid. Failure of the solenoid itself is a fairly rare phenomenon; to check it, connect a tester; the resistance should be 2.2 Ohms. If there is still a problem, you will have to drain the oil from the box. There is a way. in which it is fashionable not to drain, but here a certain skill is required, the main thing is to sharply plug the hole with something, and then screw in a new one. A little oil will, of course, spill out, but you can add it back. When installing a new solenoid, do not forget to lubricate the threads with sealant, if this is not done over time, oil will begin to ooze along the threads.

If previous checks did not lead to anything, there are several options left, namely:

The mechanism for fastening the gear selection mechanism has failed;
The fixing bolt has been cut off;
The spring in the gearbox has broken.

The worst thing is that each of these three points requires mandatory dismantling of the gearbox, and this is already in the category of “serious repairs”, which is not always within the power of an ordinary driver, and it will take much more time than in the case of a rocker or lock transfers.

That's all I wanted to say! I hope I helped solve the problem. If after all the above manipulations and checks you still do not engage reverse gear, seek help from a specialist or go to a service station.

How to check the clutch?

The car engine can help indicate a malfunction of the clutch, not the gearbox. If, with the engine turned off, all speeds are switched on easily, no problems arise, but when the engine is running, first and reverse gears are difficult to engage, or impossible to engage at all, you should pay attention to the clutch.

The reason that the clutch “leads” is often due to its incorrect adjustment.

Why is it difficult to engage manual transmission gears?

Problems with manual gear shifting most often occur for the following reasons:

The most common problem is clutch failure. In such a situation, reverse gear turns on with a bang. This happens because the gear overlaps the tooth. Reverse speed is the only gear in the box that does not have synchronizers. For this reason, clutch failure is so obvious on it.
The second reason is a defect in the mechanism responsible for selecting the gear. This breakdown occurs when the car is stationary and you try to shift into gear.
The third is severe wear of the gearbox synchronizers. Mostly, breakdowns occur with those that are most often used. These are first, second and third gear. Severe wear of the synchronizers only appears when switching while driving.

To prevent possible gearbox malfunctions, perform regular maintenance, change the oil on time, and in case of minor failures, rush for diagnostics. This will save you time and money in the future.

Watch the video for what not to do with a manual transmission:

https://youtube.com/watch?v=FITVjH2s8es

What to do if it is difficult to engage reverse gear?

If you have difficulty engaging reverse gear, do one of the following:

When you feel that the gear has not reached the end, release the clutch slightly, and the gear will be inserted all the way.
Fully depress the clutch and only after a few seconds engage reverse gear.
Depress the clutch, set the gear to neutral and release the clutch. After this, press down and engage reverse gear.
Shift into reverse through another gear. For example, first engage 4th and then shift to reverse.

How to properly engage reverse gear on a Hyundai Solaris, watch the video:

It's hard to engage first gear

Many drivers who encounter this situation try to force the gearbox selector to engage 1st speed. But this is fundamentally wrong and should not be done this way.

In this situation, it is necessary to use the regas method. Its essence is as follows:

While driving in second gear, depress the clutch and set it to neutral and then release the clutch.
After this, you need to press the gas pedal, increasing the speed to 2.5 thousand.
The next step is to engage the clutch again by pressing the pedal all the way and turn on the first gear on the gearbox. If you still have difficulties with this, then you need to repeat it, because... You gave too little gas, there were too few revolutions.
If all the steps are performed correctly, the first speed will turn on without any difficulties or sounds.

However, this method should not be used on an ongoing basis when it is difficult to engage 1st gear. This method is temporary in order to at least get to the service station without any problems. In any case, the box will have to be repaired.

What to do when it’s hard to engage 1st gear on a car, watch the video from a driving instructor:

The procedure for replacing synchronizers requires experience, relevant knowledge and special tools, so it is better to contact professionals. Automotive technicians will perform the replacement quickly and efficiently, and will also advise you on further operation and maintenance of the box.

If you have a mechanic

Gears shift poorly in a car with a manual transmission for three reasons. The first of these is a malfunction of the clutch when it does not completely disengage (drive). The first sign of this malfunction is that the reverse gear is engaged with a characteristic crash. The rear one reacts to this anomaly more noticeably than other gears, because it is the only one not equipped with a synchronizer.

The second reason is a defect in the gear selection mechanism of the gearbox. And finally, the third is excessive wear of the gearbox synchronizers.

There are also several clutch malfunctions in which manual transmission gears shift poorly:

Excessive wear of synchronizers mainly occurs in those gears that are engaged more often: these are usually first, second and third. The rear one is not included in this list because it does not have a synchronizer. When your gear shifts poorly, and you assume that the reason for this is wear of the synchronizers, firstly, you should only have difficulties with this while driving. Secondly, in this case it switches better if you use double squeeze.

For those who don’t know what double squeeze is. To shift to a higher gear: depress the clutch, engage neutral, release and depress the clutch again, engage the gear.

Backlash in the so-called “helicopter” is one of the reasons for unclear gear shifting

To switch to a lower gear: double squeezing must be combined with re-engaging, that is, when the clutch pedal is released and the gearbox is in neutral, you need to press and release the accelerator pedal. This is how gears are changed in cars that do not have synchronizers. If the gearbox shifts easier using double squeezing, then the culprit for poor gear shifting is most likely worn synchronizers.

If the gears shift poorly when the car is standing still with the engine turned off, the fault may only be in the gear selection mechanism of the gearbox.

Look for damage or check that it is adjusted correctly. Don't even think about the clutch and synchronizers.

Why is it difficult to engage manual transmission gears?

Problems with manual gear shifting most often occur for the following reasons:

The most common problem is clutch failure. In such a situation, reverse gear turns on with a bang. This happens because the gear overlaps the tooth. Reverse speed is the only gear in the box that does not have synchronizers. For this reason, clutch failure is so obvious on it.
The second reason is a defect in the mechanism responsible for selecting the gear. This breakdown occurs when the car is stationary and you try to shift into gear.
The third is severe wear of the gearbox synchronizers. Mostly, breakdowns occur with those that are most often used. These are first, second and third gear. Severe wear of the synchronizers only appears when switching while driving.

To prevent possible gearbox malfunctions, perform regular maintenance, change the oil on time, and in case of minor failures, rush for diagnostics. This will save you time and money in the future.

Watch the video for what not to do with a manual transmission:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FITVjH2s8es

What to do if it is difficult to engage reverse gear?

If you have difficulty engaging reverse gear, do one of the following:

When you feel that the gear has not reached the end, release the clutch slightly, and the gear will be inserted all the way.
Fully depress the clutch and only after a few seconds engage reverse gear.
Depress the clutch, set the gear to neutral and release the clutch. After this, press down and engage reverse gear.
Shift into reverse through another gear. For example, first engage 4th and then shift to reverse.

How to properly engage reverse gear on a Hyundai Solaris, watch the video:

It's hard to engage first gear

Many drivers who encounter this situation try to force the gearbox selector to engage 1st speed. But this is fundamentally wrong and should not be done this way.

In this situation, it is necessary to use the regas method. Its essence is as follows:

While driving in second gear, depress the clutch and set it to neutral and then release the clutch.
After this, you need to press the gas pedal, increasing the speed to 2.5 thousand.
The next step is to engage the clutch again by pressing the pedal all the way and turn on the first gear on the gearbox. If you still have difficulties with this, then you need to repeat it, because... You gave too little gas, there were too few revolutions.
If all the steps are performed correctly, the first speed will turn on without any difficulties or sounds.

What to do when it’s hard to engage 1st gear on a car, watch the video from a driving instructor:

Methods for engaging first gear

So, if the modes in your vehicle are difficult to engage and you have already understood the reasons and theory, then let’s move on to the most important thing - methods for engaging first gear. The simplest method in this case would be to activate first gear while driving the car. You need to push the unit selector forward without any effort and do this until the corresponding synchronizer comes into operation. However, it should be noted that this method is relevant for most passenger vehicles and some trucks.

It should be taken into account that this cannot be done in most old trucks, since the design of the unit itself does not allow this, since they simply do not have synchronizers. In addition, you need to take into account that this method of activating the first speed is hardly relevant if the synchronizer on your vehicle has already exhausted its service life. This will simply be impossible.

Double car re-gas

Then the driver will only have to wait a while until the car practically stops in order to turn on the desired speed. Or use force to engage the gearshift lever. In principle, neither the first nor the second method can be called the optimal solution to such a problem. As practice shows, it is best to use the same old-fashioned method with re-gasping.

You can find out how to do this below:

So, while driving in second gear, start depressing the clutch pedal.
When you press the pedal, move the gearbox selector to the neutral position. Having done this, you can disable the clutch pedal.
Then, when the pedal is completely lowered, you need to lightly press the gas with your right foot, pressing the pedal. In this case, pay attention to the tachometer, which shows the number of revolutions. You need to increase the revolutions to two and a half thousand per minute, that is, the needle should be at the number 2,500. Here, pay attention to one important nuance - the greater the difference in angular speeds of the mating gears of the box, the higher the number of revolutions needs to be raised. That is, 2,500 is the minimum, add gas if necessary.
Then depress the clutch pedal again.
Next, the box selector should be moved to the initial mode activation position, that is, first speed. Here, also pay attention to the fact that if the selector does not enter the required position correctly, then most likely you simply did not give enough gas. If this is the case, then repeat the steps, only add more gas.
As a result, you need to release the clutch pedal smoothly, not abruptly. If you did everything correctly, the gearbox lever will move to the required position without any problems, shocks or extraneous sounds.

If you were unable to do this, then do not be discouraged - rarely does anyone manage to perform a double gas change the first time. By repeating the procedure several times, you will be able to remember everything that needs to be done to correctly engage the first speed. Actually, the same methods allow you to activate first gear when driving in third, for example, if in an emergency you need to brake the engine. In this case, the higher the driving speed, the longer you will need to wait for the synchronizers to help you. Or you need to press on the gas more.

Principle of operation

The working diagram of the gearbox is as follows. The drive shaft receives rotation from the driven clutch disc and transmits it to the intermediate one. If the gearbox is set to neutral speed, there is no engagement of the intermediate shaft gears with the driven one, the car is immobilized, since rotation is not transmitted.

When a gear is engaged, the driver engages the driven element gear with a specific intermediate gear. And rotation begins to be transmitted from the driven shaft to the wheels. The car starts to move.

The necessary gears are engaged by a control unit consisting of three sliders and forks. Each of the forks is equipped with a special groove of the element. That is, the driver, using the gearshift lever and a special rocker, acts on a certain slider, moving it to one side. In this case, the fork on the slide pushes the gear, and it engages. The change in gear shift speed is influenced by engaging gears of different sizes and numbers of teeth.

To prevent the slider with the fork from returning to its original position, the box control unit is equipped with latches. The latter are spring-loaded balls that fit into grooves on the sliders. That is, the slide has grooves in certain places.

When moved to the desired position, the ball retainer jumps into the groove, eliminating the return of the slider. When changing speed, the driver must apply pressure on the slider that exceeds the force of the detent spring so that the ball pops out.

This is a simplified description of the design and operating principle of a manual transmission.

Typically, classic models work according to this scheme. On some cars the scheme may be slightly different, but the essence of the work is the same - the slider with the fork acts on the gear.

In some cars, the slider in the gearbox, which is responsible for engaging the first gear, also ensures that the reverse gear is engaged. It happens to them that first and reverse gears are difficult to engage

Of course, this breakdown cannot be ignored

On other gearboxes, first and reverse speeds are separated and different sliders are responsible for turning them on. In such cars, problems with engaging first gear may not be reflected in engaging reverse gear.

There are several options why first gear does not engage well. It also all depends on how the cause manifests itself - it is impossible to turn it on, and everything is accompanied by a metallic grinding sound from the side of the box, or the speed turns on, but immediately turns off on its own.

Precautions for operating a car with manual transmission

In order not to encounter problems with manual transmission, you should not neglect to undergo a technical inspection. To accurately determine the nature of the problem, you need to remove the box to disassemble it and then troubleshoot it.

When the speed decreases, for example, if you are driving uphill, you should switch to a lower gear. This ensures efficient movement over rough terrain.

It is possible to replace worn manual transmission components if the gear does not engage on your own, but you should know the design features of the gearbox.

The frequency of checking the oil level is approximately 15,000 km on a car with a manual transmission. Each individual car model with a manual transmission has its own oil change period. If the machine is used non-aggressively, as well as using high-quality fluid, replacement may be necessary after 50,000 km.

When moving forward, you should not engage reverse gear. This is the main reason that the box failed.

When changing gears, you should fully depress the clutch pedal. Otherwise, the car owner may experience damage to gears and synchronizers.

Types of boxes

What to do if reverse gear is difficult to engage? The answer to this question is not difficult to find; you need to look at the structure of the checkpoint. First of all, you need to study the features of gear shifting. This usually causes a problem with the reverse gear. Modern manual transmissions use 2 types of switching:

The lever goes into the box and acts on the switch fork through a ball joint;
Switching occurs using the scenes.

Direct switching

. Various limiters are usually installed here to avoid engaging another gear instead of reverse. On a VAZ classic, for example, the hinge needs to be pushed down so that you can engage the gear. It is with this limiter that problems usually arise. Its increased wear prevents it from engaging reverse gear in a timely manner. To fix the problem you will have to disassemble the box. Usually this mechanism is changed along with the fork and support.

Rocker switch

. There may be several reasons for this. First, let's look at the structure of this system. The lever here does not go into the box. A pair of scenes (sometimes cables) go from it to the gearbox. One of the scenes is responsible for changing gears, and the other for selecting them. Shifting problems occur when the lever that engages reverse gear is unscrewed. To fix the problem, just drive into the inspection hole and screw the bolt into place.

Troubleshooting gearbox

Troubleshooting the gearbox is done by removing it from the car, disassembling it, and troubleshooting parts if it is found that some of them are badly worn. Particular attention should be paid to the condition of the sliders and clamps. If burrs are noticed on the sliders, they must be removed with a file. You also need to check the condition of the springs and retainer balls. The springs must be intact, and the latch must move without problems in its seat. If necessary, worn or damaged elements must be replaced.

You should also carefully inspect the power forks for bending. Even a slight bend can affect the ease of gear engagement.

After assembly, gear shift adjustment must also be performed. To be precise, the position of the scenes is set.

Reverse gear does not engage: common breakdowns

So, if engaging reverse gear is difficult or completely impossible, this breakdown is a common problem that can be encountered in different vehicles when changing gears.

Moreover, the rear does not engage both on manual and automatic transmissions (the reverse speed of the automatic transmission has disappeared)

Naturally, in such a situation, it is important to discover the cause of the malfunction and eliminate the breakdown, since it is simply impossible to operate the car normally without reverse gear (the vehicle is actually deprived of reverse gear). Let's figure it out

Let's start with a manual transmission and consider the question of why reverse gear does not engage in a manual transmission. First of all, with a manual transmission the reverse gear fails much more often than with an automatic transmission. As a rule, the first signs of problems are a grinding, crackling or crunching sound in the reverse gear when engaged, the reverse gear is difficult to engage, it is difficult to engage the speed after a while, etc.

As for the main malfunctions, we can highlight the following:

The clutch does not disengage completely. As you know, the clutch connects the engine and the gearbox, and at the moment of changing gears the driver must depress the clutch pedal and “disconnect” the internal combustion engine from the gearbox. After engaging the gear, the pedal is released, the clutch “closes” and the torque is again transmitted to the wheels.

So, if the clutch is not completely disengaged, the gearbox is not completely disconnected from the engine. This leads to the fact that all gears are difficult to engage. At the same time, on many cars, first speed and reverse do not have synchronizers. As a result, clutch problems are most noticeable when engaging reverse gear.

In such a situation, when trying to engage a gear, a crunching and grinding noise is heard in the box

To eliminate the breakdown, you need to pay special attention to the clutch (condition of the clutch disc, basket, release bearing, etc.). You also need to check the clutch adjustments, the quality of the pedal, etc.

The oil level in the gearbox is low or the gear oil has lost its properties. As practice shows, there is a common misconception among drivers that the manual transmission is filled with oil for the entire service life of the car. In fact, a maximum of 100 thousand km. Even the highest quality gear oil becomes unusable. And this is subject to fairly gentle operation.

If the car is used in difficult conditions (driving around the city, irregular pace, constantly switching speeds “up” and “down”, short trips, temperature changes, etc.), then the oil in the box requires replacement every 50-60 thousand. km. The fact is that the properties of the liquid change, additives are activated, dirt, products of mechanical wear of the box and various deposits accumulate in the oil.

The gearbox linkage needs to be adjusted; the rods or gearbox drive levers are deformed. Often, it is after diagnosing the condition of the rocker that it becomes clear why reverse gear on a Lada and various foreign-made cars (especially old ones or with high mileage) does not engage. Owners of front-wheel drive VAZ models are well aware that a poorly adjusted rocker is the reason why the reverse gear does not engage or is knocked out.

The solution in such a situation is to adjust the manual transmission gate, which can significantly improve the clarity of the inclusions and obtain the necessary softness. Also, in some cases, owners remove the standard mechanism and install a short-throw slide, but in this case you need to be prepared for the need for more careful adjustment. As for the gearbox rods and drives, these elements must be inspected for possible damage or breakage, after which they are replaced.

Design features of the gearbox. Often on budget cars, reverse and first gears do not have synchronizers. The absence of these elements, on the one hand, simplifies the design of the box, but on the other hand, difficulties arise when engaging reverse gear and first speed.

For those with automatic

If your car has an automatic transmission. It will not hurt you to know the modes in which your machine can operate:

The automatic transmission also has a button on the mode shift lever with the inscription O/D OFF. When it is turned on, the inclusion is prohibited, increasing the gears of the analogue of the 5th gear of the manual transmission. That is, if your automatic machine has 4 gears for moving forward, then for more dynamic acceleration it will use only three lower gears.

About a faulty automatic transmission, an automatic transmission is much more complex than those encountered with a manual transmission, and the chances of repairing it in your garage are slim. But despite this, you still need to know something about it, if only in order not to harm it through improper use.

An automatic transmission is much more demanding in terms of accuracy in maintaining the oil level in it than a manual transmission. Both too low and too high oil levels are very harmful to her. Both of these can lead to serious damage. In both cases, oil foaming occurs. When there is a lack of oil due to the fact that the oil pump begins to capture air along with the oil. When there is excess oil, it foams on the rotating parts, which in this case are immersed in it. Foamed oil compresses better and has low thermal conductivity. Therefore, if you operate a machine with such oil, the pressure in its control systems will be low. Which will lead to slipping of the clutches and their intensive wear. Deteriorated thermal conductivity will not allow all excess heat to be removed. Which, together with low pressure, will lead to the machine failing and requiring serious repairs.

Foamed oil has more volume. Therefore, checking the oil will show the level is too high. If you find that the oil level has risen for no apparent reason, you need to turn off the engine and let the oil settle. After this, check the level again. If it turns out to be low, you need to safely add the required amount and repeat the test.

The oil level in the machine is checked using a dipstick or through a control hole closed with a plug.

How to check the oil level using a dipstick

Warm up the oil to operating temperature (to do this you need to drive about 15 km).

Select a flat horizontal area for measurement. Put the car on the handbrake.

Move the lever to select the operating mode of the box through all positions, holding in each position for 3 to 5 seconds, until the machine operates.
Leave the mode selector in position P, and in this position determine the oil level.
Without turning off the engine, remove the oil dipstick, wipe it dry and reinsert it into the tube until it stops, then pull it out and read the readings. The upper limit of oil traces on a dry dipstick should be at the mark with the inscription “hot” or in an area with intersecting notches.

If the level is insufficient, you can add oil through the tube into which the dipstick is inserted. Do not forget that the automatic transmission is afraid of dirt, so add only clean new oil. Wipe the dipstick with a clean cloth from which the threads do not fall out.

When checking the oil level, pay attention to its appearance. Dark liquid with a burning smell indicates that not everything is in order in the unit. First, try changing the oil and filter in the automatic transmission. The milky color of ATF indicates that coolant has entered the box. The coolant softens and swells the material from which the clutches are made. Do not hesitate to change such oil, having first eliminated the cause of antifreeze getting into the box, otherwise significant damage will be caused to the machine. Coolant may enter the box due to a leak in the oil section in the radiator of the cooling system. In this case, the emulsion will be observed both in the box and in the engine cooling system.

The most common machine malfunctions

The car does not move forward or reverse normally. Possible reasons: wear of the forward clutch clutches, a defect in the piston of this clutch, breakage of the rings of the same clutch, jamming of the valve body valves.
There is no reverse speed, forward there are only 1 and 2. Probable causes: wear of the reverse clutch clutches, a malfunction of the piston of this clutch, damage to the spline joint in the drum body, another defect of this drum.
There is no rear, everything works forward. Reasons: wear of the brake band, malfunction of the piston of this band or breakage of its rod, defects in the braking package.
There is no movement either forward or backward when you turn on any mode, there is a shift push, but the car stands still. Causes: torque converter malfunction, lack of oil, clogged filter.
Only reverse, 1st and 2nd gears are engaged. Reasons: valve jamming in the valve body, low oil level, general wear of pistons and clutch clutches that do not engage.

What to do if the box kicks

If an automatic transmission or manual transmission begins to work with problems, it is necessary to immediately carry out a full diagnosis, and this work should be carried out by an experienced specialist. In addition, immediately prepare for expensive repairs, especially if the car has a Japanese hydraulic automatic transmission. The cause of kicking is almost always dirty oil, which has been spoiled by burnt clutches. You can’t delay repairs: the longer you put it off, the more severe the damage to the transmission. This means more costs for its restoration. Perhaps everything will not be so bad and it will be possible to get by with a noticeably smaller amount. Although you shouldn’t really count on such an outcome.

Important! Black or very dark oil in the box is not the cause, but only a consequence of the problem. Therefore, an oil change alone, even a complete one, will not correct the situation.

About the uniqueness of the cable unit for Granta

Replacing the rods and rockers with a cable system in the Lada Granta was intended to reduce the impact of vibration. At first, the developers were inclined to build a hydraulic circuit for the switching unit, similar to many foreign cars. Such a decision would have caused an additional increase in cost, affecting the price of the car, so the manufacturer chose a path that would take into account the financial capabilities of a wide range of buyers. The final increase in the cost of the car due to the use of a progressive cable unit reaches 5 thousand rubles. This is quite acceptable, since the price increase is insignificant, and the transmission unit is reliable.

Note that the cable gearbox has acquired more durable forks enclosed in the shift mechanism. Previously, the manufacturer used steel parts coated with bronze. Over time, abrasion of the protective layer was observed, leading to the penetration of dust into the unit with a subsequent harmful effect on the properties of the oil.

New analog forks are endowed with increased strength and have reduced weight. Aluminum is used as the material for their manufacture. An additional measure was the use of plastic linings to protect the forks from premature wear.

Also, the manufacturer of the Lada Granta mercilessly replaced the outdated lockers and springs present in the design of the switching unit. Now the main component here is the plate, which allows you to quickly “sort out” the steps. A latch moves along the surface of this element, which conveys the “intentions” of the owner to the unit (activation of the desired gear).

The cable gearbox allowed the LADA Granta gearbox to become an attribute of comfortable control of the vehicle's driving modes. Discomfort will be guaranteed to be absent due to the leveling of vibrations.

Perhaps the future promises LADA Granta the installation of a hydraulic shift mechanism, but in the present, such a solution as a cable gearbox allows you to get maximum comfort at minimal cost. The functionality of the updated box has made it possible to sufficiently get rid of annoying problems that bring frustration and discomfort to LADA Granta owners. The differential has undergone virtually no changes (with the exception of synchronizers, as already noted). This made it possible to minimize the increase in the cost of a car with such a transmission.

The cable gearbox is very simple not only to operate, but also if repairs are necessary. This is confirmed by a separately removable switching unit, a reduced volume of lubricant and its less frequent need for replacement (after 200 thousand km or a five-year interval).

Shirt length and chain length

A shirt that is too long will only worsen shift quality due to additional friction. And because the shirt is too short, the cable tension may change while turning the steering wheel or operating the suspension.

A chain that is too short will cause unnecessary tension on the rear derailleur and difficulty operating the largest chainrings. This has a bad effect not only on shifting, but also on the service life of the transmission. And if you have a suspension, then when the suspension is activated, a chain that is too short can break and damage the transmission. A long chain will rub against the derailleur on the smallest sprockets, causing additional wear on the chain, possibly damaging the derailleur, and affecting shift quality.

Repair or replacement

If, during checking the condition of the box, serious damage to its elements was revealed, then serious repairs cannot be avoided.

It should be immediately noted that independent dismantling, repair and reassembly of a gearbox requires not only very good equipment (nominally a pit or overpass, a lifting device, as well as a large set of tools are required), but also very serious knowledge.

That is why, if the gears of a VAZ 2114 do not engage, such repairs should be entrusted to specialists from car service centers.

If we talk about the choice between repair and complete replacement of the unit, then in most cases you should choose the first option. This is due to two reasons. Firstly, the cost of a completely new box exceeds 15 thousand rubles. (moreover, this amount is indicated without taking into account the cost of its installation). In any case, repairs will be much cheaper. And secondly, complete wear of the box (to a state unsuitable for repair) is extremely rare.

Clutch adjustment and repair

The first thing to do if you have problems with the clutch is to make an adjustment.

If the adjustment does not help, then you will have to dismantle the clutch from the car, carry out troubleshooting and replace worn elements. Sometimes, over time, all components of the system wear out. In this case, the clutch is completely replaced - the drive and driven discs, the release bearing.

Reasons for howling boxes on Lada Granta, Kalina and Vesta

The howl of the box usually appears already in the first thousand kilometers; the appearance of the noise is not affected by the operating conditions of the car. It follows from this that the problem is related to the design features of this unit.

The manufacturer assures that the cause of third-party sounds is imperfect processing of the gears, as well as the main pair. Minor roughness leads to the appearance of characteristic sounds when moving. In the modified version of the manual transmission, this problem is partially eliminated, but it is impossible to completely get rid of the hum, since the equipment available at the factory does not allow the parts to be brought to ideal condition.

Perhaps the plant will eventually update the equipment and delight its customers with an updated, quieter transmission; it is unknown when this will happen. Therefore, for now, all that remains is to put up with the hum of the box or try in action ways to reduce the sound while driving.

Example in the video: the synchronizer does not help

Diagnostics and replacement of the speed sensor

Let's start answering the last question. Never, under any circumstances, attempt to remove the speed sensor.

It is mounted on the gearbox housing and is accessible. But this does not mean that the sensor is easy to replace.

Speed sensor on box 2181

Even when installing the “old” sensor, it will not be possible to achieve complete tightness. The oil will gradually leave the crankcase, and adding it to the 2181 gearbox will be difficult.

So, the reader understands: dismantling the sensor is prohibited, even if it is not removed for the purpose of replacement.

When gears shift poorly, driving a car becomes not only unpleasant, but also unsafe. Let's look at the main reasons why gears shift poorly or don't shift at all. And since the automatic transmission and manual transmission are too different, we will consider them separately.

For what reasons do interruptions occur?

There can be many reasons why gears do not shift when the engine is running. However, all of them, in one way or another, are connected with the two most important units of the car - the engine or gearbox. In case of serious damage, you should contact a good car service.

If the problem is in the gearbox, it will need to be removed for further disassembly and troubleshooting. If the problem is with engine components, they may need to be replaced. However, there are cases when, to eliminate a malfunction, it is enough to carry out preventive maintenance: removal, lubrication and careful adjustment of the components.