Simply and briefly about the difference between ECTO gasoline and EURO gasoline at Lukoil!

The engines of modern cars, despite their power and reliability, are quite delicate. They require the use of special high-quality fuel and engine mass. Therefore, manufacturers of fuels and lubricants are forced to adapt to this condition. Not long ago, high-quality 95 Lukoil fuel marked ECTO went on sale. What is it, and how does it differ from regular gasoline?

What is ECTO?

Fuel of this brand stands for:

• EC – environmental;
• TO – fuel.

Its manufacturer is Lukoil. The fuel fully complies with the highest requirements of the State Standard of the Russian Federation and the highest global environmental standards.

ECTO Lukoil is a whole line of the latest and high-quality types of fuel, which are manufactured according to European standards. It was this type of gasoline that became the very first fuel in our country with improved environmental and performance properties. It contains additive packages that reliably protect the engine and improve its performance.

The ECTO line includes several fuel options, and each of them has unique properties and can be used for any car. Including trucks.

With the development of technology, the requirements for fuel quality are also increasing unwisely. Thus, the owner of an expensive foreign car is unlikely to refuel with regular 92-octane gasoline. When stopping at a gas station, he will definitely choose expensive and high-quality fuel from the ECTO series. Since 2009, passenger car engines have been marked EURO-5 or Euro-3, which is considered the optimal environmental fuel standard, the toxicity of which is several times lower than usual.

When refueling with gasoline that meets Euro-3 requirements, the car owner cares not only about his car, but also about the state of the environment. The use of such fuel for cars also has obvious benefits. The engine is cleaned of contaminants, which affects the condition of the car and guarantees the absence of frequent breakdowns.

Octane number

The main parameter of gasoline from a technical point of view. Characterizes resistance to detonation and, in general, the higher the better - it allows you to increase the compression ratio of the engine and make its operation more efficient. However, in order to take full advantage of the high octane number, the engine must be ready for it. Almost all modern engines have a computer control system that automatically changes the ignition timing when detonation is detected. With high-octane fuel, the engine power will be slightly higher and its consumption will be lower. Until last year, the highest octane gasoline in Russia was AI-98. Now we also have gasoline with an octane rating of 100 - LUKOIL began producing fuel under the ECTO 100 brand less than a year ago, and it gradually replaced the previous “flagship”, 98, at gas stations of this brand. Other manufacturers are now trying to master this technology. Ignition adjustment during engine operation occurs only after detonation occurs. Therefore, refueling with fuel with too low an octane rating may still make the engine noticeably unstable.

The octane number is often increased with additives with high volatility, so it is better to use such gasoline as quickly as possible - over time, the octane number may gradually decrease. Octane number requirements are set for each gasoline separately; the standards only require that the octane number be no less than the declared one.

All samples we took meet these standards.

Automobile transport

remains the most significant source of air pollution in Moscow - according to various estimates, the contribution of cars here ranges from 65 to 85 percent. Of the approximately 4.6 million cars registered in Moscow, more than 90 percent are passenger cars. It is gratifying that approximately a fifth of them belong to environmental class 5, and the share of such cars is growing. But for now, class 4 cars still dominate, almost 40 percent of them.

A little history

Lukoil is a brand that is so loved by car owners around the world. It has existed in our country since 1991. There is a branded gas station in every city. Lukoil engineers annually introduce innovative developments in fuel production. Gasoline from Lukoil has always been considered the standard of quality. It is chosen by owners of expensive cars, and it fully complies with the requirements of the European standard.

EKTO 95 gasoline went on sale in April 2006. At first, car owners were afraid to purchase a new, previously unknown product. However, the price of 95 Lukoil gasoline did not differ from regular gasoline, and buyers began to buy it more and more often. Very soon people appreciated the quality of the new fuel and switched to it.

Differences between ECTO and EURO standards

The domestic oil refining industry has never been distinguished by its desire to meet global trends in terms of the quality of final products. For a long time, most refineries produced fuel that was far from meeting European standards. And having been supplied to the retail network, when reaching the final gas stations, it was subjected to manipulations that did not at all contribute to the improvement of consumer properties, be it diesel fuel or gasoline. But times are changing, and the market forces us to meet global criteria even in such a conservative area as oil refining. The appearance of ECTO gasolines is convincing evidence of such a trend. But what is the difference between ECTO gasoline (Lukoil) and EURO, which for a long time was a monopolist at Russian gas stations, and how significant are these differences? Let's try to understand this issue.

First, let's look at what the EURO eco-standard is, when it appeared and why it was introduced. As already noted, the environmental trend intensified significantly at the end of the last century, when it became obvious that human activity is one of the main causes of global climate change on the planet. But if it was not possible to reach a global consensus regarding emissions from industrial enterprises, then in the automotive industry successes turned out to be more significant, especially after the development of the EURO eco-standard, the requirements of which most automakers currently adhere to. However, initially the standard was valid only in the European Union. Most of the provisions of this document concern restrictions on the concentration of harmful and especially harmful components in automobile exhaust. Here is the chronology of the emergence of new, more stringent standards in relation to their predecessors:

• 1992 – the basic EURO standard was formed, receiving prefix 1;
• 1996 – emergence of EURO 2;
• 2000 – another tightening of requirements within EURO-3;
• 2005 – emergence of EURO-4;
• 2008 – transition of automakers to the EURO-5 standard.

If, according to EURO-3, the permissible concentration of sulfur in fuel was 150 mg/kg, then in the previous edition this figure was much higher - 500 mg/kg. Unfortunately, Russian gasoline producers were hopelessly behind their European colleagues. Thus, the transition to the EURO-3 standard took place 13 years after its adoption by the EU. The document itself regulates the content of a number of environmentally hazardous substances in gasoline, as well as the technical characteristics of the fuel: cetane number/index, flash point, concentration of sulfur, water, benzene, aromatic hydrocarbons.

Since all of the above doesn’t mean much to the average car enthusiast, it’s worth dwelling on this in more detail:

• the amount of benzene directly affects not only the toxicity of the gasoline itself - a significant part of it is also present in the vapors of burnt fuel. Another negative manifestation of an increased concentration of benzene is the appearance of carbon deposits in the cylinders, which reduces the efficiency of the power unit and reduces its service life. According to current environmental standards, no more than 1% benzene is allowed in EURO class gasoline (previously this figure was significantly higher - 5%);
• sulfur oxidizes during combustion to form sulfurous/sulfuric acid. Their impact on the components of the power unit cannot be called positive, especially for modern engines whose BCs are made of aluminum alloys. The adverse effects of acids significantly reduce the life of the exhaust system, including the catalytic converter. In the EURO-3 standard, a sulfur concentration of no more than 150 mg/kg was allowed; in EURO-4, the requirements were tightened to 50 mg/kg, and according to the latest edition, this amount was reduced to 10 mg/kg;
• aromatic hydrocarbons are substances that increase the purity, but at the same time lead to an increase in the formation of soot. Both rubber and plastic parts suffer from contact with such substances, since by their nature AC are solvents that can corrode seals, hoses, gaskets, filter elements, etc.;
• octane/cetane number. The lower this indicator, the faster the fuel burns. For this reason, the use of low-octane fuel causes detonation processes that have a negative impact on the engine's life, increasing smoke, leading to burning of valves and damage to pistons.

ECTO Plus

EKTO Plus Lukoil fuel is an improved formula of a popular brand of gasoline. It has a unique package of fuel additives, which allows you to increase engine power and reduce fuel consumption. Such fuel helps relieve the load on the engine and reduce its wear, reducing carbon dioxide emissions. It is distinguished by the presence of a friction modifier, which reduces mechanical friction and guarantees excellent maneuverability.

This fuel provides 30 additional kilometers after just 1 refueling. The quality of EKTO Plus is many times higher than that of other brands of fuel. If we compare the use of ECTO plus with standard European gasoline, it allows us to increase engine power by 7.5% more.

About detergent additives

Detergent preventive additives make up about 5 - 7% of the volume of gasoline 92. Their composition is a trade secret, but it is known that the main one is MTBE (methyl trebutyl ether), which is used to regulate the octane number. Also used in Lukoil fuel, KEROPUR 3458N complexes produced by BASF contain:

• Solvents for better drainage of liquid from valves.
• Demulsifiers and inhibitors to prevent corrosion.
• Friction modifiers to reduce energy losses.

The increase in power after regular driving of the Ecto 92 is due to the fact that more combustible mixture flows through the cleaned channels and valves, and combustion is more intense.

Advantages of ECTO 95

The advantages of fuel marked ECTO 95 include:

• The presence of a large number of additives that directly affect the protection of the internal combustion engine from rust and its consequences. The formation of rust will be minimal, especially if you compare the use of regular 92nd grade gasoline and EKTO 95.
• The service life of the catalyst increases.
• The overhaul period increases significantly, as the engine resource increases.
• The oil change period also increases.
• The service life of the cylinder-piston group parts increases.
• Errors in the operation of car electronics occur less frequently.

Advantages and disadvantages of the ECTO gasoline line

We have already mentioned most of the advantages of motor fuel from Lukoil, but it would be useful to list them all:

• ensuring more stable and reliable operation of the power unit;
• increasing the total service life of the engine and all its components;
• increase in engine power and efficiency;
• effective fight against corrosion;
• reduction of vibration/noise levels when the engine is running;
• increasing the regulatory time frame for replacing MM;
• reduced wear of injection system parts;
• extension of service life of CN;
• preventing the appearance of deposits in injector parts;
• more stable and trouble-free operation of diagnostic systems;
• more than threefold reduction in sulfur content compared to conventional fuel;
• fivefold reduction in sulfur concentration.

Note that all these advantages will be most noticeable on cars with low mileage. For power units of venerable age, at the initial stage of using new gasoline from Lukoil, minor deviations in operation may be observed due to the action of detergent additives. The fact is that modern effective additives are capable of dissolving a significant part of the deposits, which, when entering the fuel filter, will accumulate in it, reducing the fuel supply. Therefore, it is recommended to replace the fuel filter element soon after using eco-fuel. It is this action that is considered the main disadvantage of the ECTO gasoline family. However, no one is stopping owners of used cars from using this fuel periodically, only to clean the fuel system. In this regard, it has no equal among its domestic analogues. Owners of relatively new cars are mostly satisfied with gasoline. In principle, in the medium term, the entire domestic vehicle fleet will have to meet European environmental standards, which, with difficulty, are taking root on our roads.

EKTO Lukoil reviews

Motorists who often refuel at Lukoil gas stations and leave positive reviews about ECTO 95 gasoline.

Mikhail: I always drive expensive cars, so I try not to skimp on gasoline. I settled on EKTO 95 a long time ago. I think that this is the ideal gasoline for an expensive car; by the way, it consumes more economically than the same AI-92.

Elena: I have a Ford Mondeo. On the advice of a specialist, I fill it with ECTO 95. It was recommended to me as an environmentally friendly fuel that also takes care of the car. I can already say from experience that this is true.

Anton: I didn’t save anyone on fuel. It is better to buy expensive and high-quality gasoline than to then spend money on repairing a car after low-quality fuel. ECTO 95 fuel is an excellent option, it contains many useful additives that affect the operation of the car, clean the engine and protect all key components from rust.

Igor: Not long ago I started filling up my Honda Accord with Lukoil Ecto 95 gasoline. I can say that there are improvements in the car’s performance: the car has become more maneuverable, there are no breakdowns. I just once refueled with burnt gasoline at a regular gas station, I know all the consequences. Therefore, I choose only official gas stations, such as Lukoil, for example.

Instead of a name - a number

According to Alexander Gorshkov, head of the testing department, in recent years the situation with fuel in Moscow has improved markedly: “If ten years ago the non-compliances we identified with the requirements of regulatory documents reached 30 percent, recently they have not exceeded an average of five to seven. A certain “spike” in detection of substandard conditions was observed during the expansion of the city, due to the gas stations located on the territory of New Moscow, which were not accustomed to such control.”

The testing center is a state enterprise and works primarily on orders from the Moscow Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection (DPPiOOS), constantly monitoring the quality of fuel from all gas stations in the city. Moreover, for maximum objectivity, employees never know where a particular sample came from, only the parameters are known. This is what we did when we handed in our samples: we marked them with numbers. True, the origin of one gasoline had to be revealed. To check the octane number, you need to tell us what is declared, and only LUKOIL sells gasoline with an octane number of 100 in Moscow. But we are sure that this did not affect the objectivity of the measurements.

By the way, any company or even an individual can contact the Test Center. Typically, “private owners” do this when they believe that a car breakdown was caused by poor-quality fuel, and arguments are needed in court, where a case of material damage is being heard. However, if you, for example, constantly refuel at the same gas station near your home, work or dacha and want to make sure that your choice is correct, then you can also resort to the services of a laboratory. Studying one fuel sample according to the four main parameters that we have already mentioned will take a week and will lighten your wallet by approximately 7,000 rubles.

Healthy Supplements

To optimize its characteristics, gasoline today is produced using complex technology and enriched with special additives. For example, the composition of ECTO fuel includes a whole complex: additives prevent the formation of an emulsion with water, remove deposits in the fuel system and carbon deposits in the cylinder and, by cleaning the injectors, improve mixture formation. According to LUKOIL, when switching to ECTO fuel at the same octane number, the increase in power reaches 7.5 percent, and fuel consumption decreases by approximately the same amount.

Review of the top gas stations with the highest quality gasoline for cars

Gazpromneft

This network of gas stations is the best in Russia. It guarantees the high quality of the fuel sold, the octane number of which exactly corresponds to the declared one. Gazpromneft's product range includes standard types of gasoline, as well as fuel that has undergone additional stages of purification. The latter improve the quality of gasoline, which becomes safer for the fuel system.

Gazpromneft offers drivers many additional services. At each gas station, vehicle owners have access to a mini-market where they can purchase food and essential goods. You can also order various services here (for example, headlight washing). An additional advantage will be relatively low prices and excellent quality of service.

9.9 /10 rating

pros

• Quality service
• Excellent fuel
• Many additional services
• Nice prices
• Availability of a bonus program

Minuses

• There are often long queues

Rosneft

This famous network of gas stations is the largest in the country. It gained its popularity thanks to its competent pricing policy and high level of service. In addition, vehicle owners speak positively about the loyalty program, which provides an opportunity to save a lot of money.

Rosneft sells high-quality fuel that meets all standards. It also offers drivers many additional services. Among them, wheel inflation is the most popular. A bonus for visitors will be a mini-cafe where you can relax a bit and have a snack.

9.8 /10 rating

pros

• Smart pricing policy
• High level of service
• Profitable loyalty program
• Many additional services
• Own mini-cafe

Minuses

• Some gas stations come across fuel of lower quality

Shell

Without a bonus card, the price of Shell gasoline is 10–15% higher than the cost of similar fuel from competitors.

If you want to fill your car with the highest quality fuel, then go to one of hundreds of Shell gas stations. This gas station is known for its high gasoline prices. At the same time, the quality of the fuel is always very high.

Shell treats every customer with care. She carefully trains staff to help drivers solve any problems. It is also worth noting the presence of a bonus card, which is issued to all regular customers. With its help you can get good discounts even on premium fuel.

9.6 /10 rating

pros

• High quality fuel
• Bonus card
• Qualified personnel
• Excellent level of service

Minuses

• Inflated prices

Route

The route purchases fuel from the Gazpromneft plant, which is located in Moscow.

This network of gas stations offers drivers only high-quality gasoline, which has a fairly high cost. It meets all current standards in Russia and is carefully checked by company employees.

The Route locates its gas stations on the most significant highways in the country. In addition to the sale of gasoline, drivers have access to dozens of additional services.

9.5 /10 rating

pros

• High quality gasoline
• Convenient location of gas station
• Many additional services
• High level of service

Minuses

• Prices are above average

Phaeton Aero

Phaeton Aero closes the rating of gas stations. The company was created in the early 90s. Produces its own petroleum products at 2 factories. Gas stations sell the following gasoline: AI-92, AI-95, AI-92 eco, AI-95 eco, DT eco.

Advantages:

• affordable prices;
• no underfilling;
• there is a bonus system for regular customers;
• good service.

Flaws:

• The quality of gasoline does not correspond to the declared one.

There are complaints about the quality of fuel from the company. In many respects it does not meet standards. Each gas station has a grocery store and a cafe where the customer can have a snack.

Bashneft

Today Bashneft has 544 gas stations, which are located in 15 regions of the Russian Federation. Bashneft does not have its own processing plants, but sells Rosneft products. The quality standard complies with Russian GOST. In the future, Bashneft plans to sell gasoline according to the Euro-6 standard.

Today the company retails gasoline: AI-95, AI-100 and Diesel. The positive aspects of Bashneft are difficult to find.

Flaws:

• bad fuel;
• high prices;
• low level of service;
• The bonus system, although announced, does not work;
• containers are not cleaned at gas stations;
• underfilling is common.

The quality of the product causes a lot of complaints and leaves much to be desired. Consumers complain that it is diluted with diesel fuel. Absolutely does not correspond to the stated price.

Gas stations are poorly equipped, small shops with related products at a high price.

Tatneft

The company has its own oil refinery in Moscow. Tatneft opened in 1990 and has been actively developing since then. The company produces petroleum products in accordance with Russian GOST standards.

Today, 616 gas stations are open on the territory of the Russian Federation. Available for retail sale: AI-92, AI-95, AI-95+, AI-98, AI-100+.

Advantage:

• attentive attitude towards consumers, cleanliness at gas stations;
• prices in Moscow are lower than those of other companies.

Flaws:

• outdated equipment, pistols do not work at many stations;
• low product characteristics;
• in the regions, product prices are high;
• the fuel quality does not correspond to the data specified in the certificates.

The company is working to expand stores at its gas stations. Snack bars are also opening, where customers can not only drink coffee, but also order hot food.

BP (British Petroleum)

The British company in Russia has a small network - only 125 gas stations. Most of them are located in the Moscow and Leningrad regions. There are single stations in several other cities. British Petroleum is one of the world leaders in this area and operates in most European countries.

The quality of auto fuel meets European standards Euro-5 and Euro-6. The main advantages of BritishPetroleum include:

• high gasoline levels;
• polite staff and good equipment;
• modern stations with European equipment.

Flaws:

• high prices;
• sometimes they don’t add gasoline;
• undeveloped network in Russia.

The fuel corresponds to the quality stated in the certificates. Gas stations have shops and cafes where customers can relax and have a snack.

Slavneft

Russian-Belarusian Slavneft opened in 1994. But retail sales are not the main goal of the company, so Slavneft has few of its own gas stations.

What to give preference to?

At first glance, when choosing between 92 EKTO or 92 Euro, you want to go with the first one, especially since the difference in cost is small.

Ecological fuel extends the working life of wheelbarrow components and prevents the formation of sediments and deposits. Preferable for cars with automatic transmission, with it the engine runs more smoothly and smoothly.

Imagine, you fill the tank with environmentally friendly fuel, and it will instantly begin to display its brilliant properties. The catalyst, along with the filters, will simply choke from the suddenly increased volume of work. If, after reading articles on the topic of which is better - EKTO or Euro Lukoil 95, you have firmly decided to drive on environmentally friendly fuel, great! However, be prepared, the engine will begin to behave a little differently, there will be visually more emissions, and black smoke may even come out of the chimney. But this is only the first couple of hundred km. Then everything will get better, the accumulated nastiness will come out. True, most likely you will have to change the catalyst. And this is very expensive. In short, weigh the pros and cons.

If you have a brand new car, then there should be no doubt! Feel free to fill the tank with eco-gasoline and don’t think about the problems listed above!

By the way, speaking about the differences between AI95 Euro and AI95 EKTO, it is worth mentioning that the engine power does not depend on them in any way. The octane number remains unchanged. Also, the physical properties (color, density) do not change. Perhaps the smell of an ecological species may be more perfumey.

Well, that’s all, now you know the difference between 95 ECTO gasoline and Euro from Lukoil. Feel free to add an eco-friendly look to a new car, and feed cars with high mileage European ones. By the way, if your catalyst has been removed, sometimes you can fill the latter with ECTO as a preventive measure. For cleaning pipes, so to speak! Questions?

Results

Despite the approximate similarity of the characteristics of EKTO and Euro, the first type of fuel proved to be better in operation. Its use has made it possible to reduce noise levels and fuel consumption, eliminate problems with spark plug contamination, improve vehicle dynamics, and so on. This effect is primarily achieved through the high-quality selection of additives that have a positive effect on the power unit of the car.

At the same time, we should not forget about another important point - price, which for many car enthusiasts is a key factor. ECTO will cost more, but here everyone makes a decision personally.

Possible disadvantages of use

In the end, according to modern road rules and the requirements of various regulatory organizations, all cars will have to switch to such fuel that meets environmental standards. Well, in the meantime, what are we seeing in this context? The popular opinion about ECTO gasoline is very ambiguous.

Among users of elderly “classics” VAZ or other brands of the domestic automobile industry, which have traveled more than one thousand kilometers, there are generally horror stories about this fuel. Like, I filled it in to try it, but in general I barely made it home: all the dirt went into the filter and further, the engine began to actively sneeze, and the pipes were cracked. And some even use old engines, but they say that nothing special has changed in the character of the car, and the traction is even worse than on an ordinary TNK-92, only the spark plugs are clean (this, by the way, says a lot).

Some advise pouring EKTO periodically, in bursts, to clean the entire system, and then use regular gasoline. People who have bought new modern cars are quite satisfied with the quality and fuel consumption.

– Russian oil tycoon

When people talk about, the red and white color scheme and the icon in the form of a drop of oil immediately appear before their eyes. The company, founded in 1991, back in the USSR, is the largest Russian oil company. Every city has at least one gas station of this brand; on every major highway you can see the friendly lights of this gas station along the way. The Lukoil brand is loved by drivers for its reliability and the latest developments. Every year, the company's engineers develop and improve their product, helping motorists keep their cars in good condition, kilometer after kilometer. Lukoil works on an equal basis with Western manufacturers, adhering to European quality standards. All gasoline sold at branded gas stations complies with the Euro-5 protocol. Not only is it a product of the highest quality, but it also preserves the environment by emitting fewer harmful substances during combustion.

How to avoid being scammed at gas stations

It is not uncommon for consumers to encounter deception and petty fraud at gas stations. In some cases, this leads to receiving less gasoline for the stated price, in others – to problems in the operation of the car. The most common types of deception are listed below.

1. Purchasing high-quality AI-92 gasoline and increasing its octane number to AI-95 or AI-98 by using toxic cheap additives (tetraethyl lead, monomethylaniline, etc.).
2. Reprogramming gas pumps so that they show more fuel than was actually filled.
3. Tricks with a refueling pistol. Gas attendants may resort to this trick if the driver is distracted or goes to the store. The gun button is released when the column begins to count the last liter, and this fuel remains in the hose, from where it is later drained.
4. Overflow. Often found at gas stations located on the highway. The calculation is based on the fatigue of drivers, who may not notice that the amount in the check is more than what the gas tank can hold.
5. Rounding up the purchase amount. Used when paying in cash. An argument may be made that they have handed over all the cash to the collectors and have nothing to give in change. In this case, refueling can be carried out for the amount requested by the driver. The calculation is based on inattention.
6. Fraud with discount cards. The seller can say that the customer's card is not readable, and after he agrees to pay without a discount, use his own discount card, thus assigning the discount to himself.

In order to avoid becoming a victim of the situations described above, you need to be careful and follow several rules:

• It is better to refuel the car yourself, without trusting gas stations.
• The gun should be turned off and removed from the tank only after the meter on the dispenser has turned off.
• If you have any doubts about the settings of the fuel column, you can pour gasoline into your canister and compare the actual volume with what is displayed on the display. The refusal of gas station employees to pour fuel into a canister is illegal and may indirectly indicate deliberate violations on their part. To check, you can also use a special measuring canister, which must be available at every gas station. This capacity must be provided upon the client’s first request. The sample is taken in the presence of the gas station manager and two witnesses.
• If you have a complaint about a non-working discount card, you can check it at another gas station, and if you round up the purchase amount, be sure to check that exactly the amount of fuel is filled as needed based on the actual amount of payment.

Identified underfilling or overfilling is a good reason for filing a complaint with Rostechnadzor. And if an engine breakdown occurs due to low-quality gasoline, you can complain to Rosstandart and request an inspection of the gas station’s operation.

Studying reviews on independent resources from real customers of various gas stations will allow you to determine which places you can go to for gasoline for your iron horse, and which ones are better to avoid. Care and a competent approach to choosing a gas station will help you avoid many problems and make operating your car even more enjoyable.

Sources

• https://imazda.ru/poleznaya-informaciya/rejting-zapravok-po-kachestvu-benzina-top-15-luchshix-azs-plyusy-minusy-i-ceny-na-toplivo.html
• https://zuzako.com/reyting-luchshih-azs-po-kachestvu-benzina/
• https://Mecolor.ru/stati/top-7-luchshih-zapravok-po-kachestvu-benzina-v-2020-godu/
• https://eldomo.ru/avto/luchshie-zapravki-2021-goda-rejting-azs-s-kachestvennym-benzinom-i-dizelnym-toplivom
• https://rating-avto.ru/raznoe/gde-luchshe-zapravlyatsya.html
• https://pokupkigoda.com/mesta/reyting-zapravok/
• https://yanashla.com/luchshie-azs-po-kachestvu-benzina-i-diztopliva/
• https://vyborok.com/rejting-luchshih-azs-po-kachestvu-benzina/

[collapse]