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Gazelle 405 is a commercial vehicle on which an engine from the ZMZ 405 family is installed. Therefore, here we are talking about the type of engine, and not about the name of the car itself.

The 405 engine has a four-cylinder injection system for supplying fuel. Initially, the 405 engine, which was designated by the index 405.25.10, was developed for the Volga (GAZ 3111).

Subsequent improvements made it possible to obtain 4 versions of this power unit. Currently, Gazelle Business is equipped with a modified version of the engine with index 405.24.10 and continues to use 405.22. In addition to the domestic car, this installation is found on the Italian Fiat Ducato.

Most classic Gazelles are equipped with versions 405.22.10. When servicing them, questions often arise about what oils to fill in the Gazelle 405 and how often to change the engine fluid. In the case of competent and timely service, a minimum of problems arise with the engine, and its long-term and reliable operation is achieved.

Advantages and disadvantages of the engine

Before we talk about changing the oil in a Gazelle engine, it’s worth finding out how good or bad this engine is. This way you will better understand in which modification it is better to purchase a car.

The strengths of the 405 family include:

1. the presence of a modified cylinder head using a two-layer metal gasket, supplemented with spring components;
2. the total weight of the cylinder block has decreased by 1.35 kilograms compared to its predecessor;
3. A catalytic three-component type of converter is used, which allows it to comply with Euro 3 requirements;
4. due to modifications, highway consumption decreased to 8.8 liters per 100 kilometers;
5. An oil purification system is used.

Some consider the fact of using a microprocessor to control the ignition timing an advantage, while others call it a disadvantage. The system works better and more efficiently, but it is impossible to repair this unit in highway conditions when the car is stuck.

At the same time, hydraulic compensation of the thermal gap in the valves led to a reduction in the cost of maintaining the Gazelle. So, you no longer need to visit a car service center to adjust the valves, as happened before.

This is frankly a good engine that is perfect for the Gazelle car. From its technical characteristics we highlight the following:

1. compression ratio is 9.4;
2. working volume 2.4 liters;
3. torque reaches 211 Nm;
4. the engine produces 152 horsepower.

With such an engine, Gazelle feels confident in the city and on the highway. If you use suitable and compliant motor oils, you will be able to minimize engine contamination, reduce friction between contacting surfaces and extend the life of the power unit.

Repair

Repairing a 405 engine is fairly easy. Its design is simple and replacement of spare parts is easy. The problem can be caused by the cylinder block and crankshaft, which need to be bored.

Let us describe the main manipulations that should be carried out during a major overhaul of the 405 engine:

1. Disassembly.
2. Diagnostics of the condition of power units and parts. Determination of required operations and spare parts.
3. Purchase of all necessary parts and spare parts.
4. Grooving and adjusting the crankshaft to the size of the new bearings.
5. Boring and honing of the cylinder block.
6. Replacement of parts in the cylinder head, grinding of planes and testing for cracks.
7. Washing of all parts.
8. Initial assembly and identification of additional parts and materials.
9. Final assembly.

Often, when installing the crankshaft, it must be balanced; for this, a new clutch is purchased, since there is no point in performing this operation on the old one.

Many car enthusiasts wanted to take advantage of the tuning opportunity. Thus, the 405 engine was subject to modifications. Let's look at what can be done to modernize:

1. Replacing the cylinder head. Of course, it will be difficult to find one, but the JP company has developed a similar cylinder head for tuning, which can be installed instead of the standard one.
2. Injector (engine 405). A complete replacement of the injection system will increase the power a little, but at the same time the fuel consumption will be within 15 l/100 km, and not every owner will like this.
3. Replacement of the exhaust manifold and exhaust system. Of course, you can replace the entire system, but it is worth making an accurate calculation for this improvement.
4. Piston boring. A lengthy process and not always effective. Increasing the piston size from 95.5 to 98 mm will add 20%.

All these improvements reduce the engine's service life by 30%, which, accordingly, will lead to an early major overhaul. Professional racers advise carrying out such operations in a tuning studio, where specialists will make all the calculations and improve the performance of the engine without compromising the condition or loss of service life.

The ZMZ-405 engine was developed on the basis of the 406 engine and differs in piston diameter (increased from 92 to 95.5 mm), the height of the cylinder block is the same, the inter-cylinder jumpers have become thinner, slots for cooling have appeared (there are none on the block of Euro-3 engines), the connecting rods remained the same. Otherwise, the engine remained the same; due to the increased volume, the power increased by 7 hp.

Modifications of the ZMZ 405 engine

1. ZMZ 4052.10 - main motor. Used on Volga and Gazelle cars.2. ZMZ 40522.10 is an analogue of 4052.10, complies with Euro-2 environmental standards. Used on Gazelle and Volga cars.3. ZMZ 40524.10 is an analogue of 40522.10, complies with Euro-3 environmental standards.

Used on Volga cars.4. ZMZ 40525.10 is an analogue of 40522.10, complies with Euro-3 environmental standards. Used on Gazelle trucks.5. ZMZ 4054.10 - turbo version 405, steel crankshaft, forged piston, intercooler, SZh 7.

Malfunctions of ZMZ 405 engines

The malfunctions of the 405th Volga engine absolutely repeat the problems of the ZMZ-406, all the same problems with the oil under the valve cover, because their differences are minimal. Read about the pros and cons of ZMZ-406 HERE.

Boosting ZMZ 405.Turbine.Compressor

Options for increasing the power of the ZMZ-405 are no different from the ZMZ-406, you can read about them in the “Tuning” tab HERE. It is worth noting that it is not worth building powerful naturally aspirated engines on a Volgov/Gazelle engine, on evil camshafts, 4 throttles, it is a waste of money and time.

The most correct tuning for ZMZ is turbo. A well-assembled turbo 405 will give more (and sometimes much more) 300 hp, which an aspirated engine will not produce under any settings. It is worth noting that for the construction of a cramped turbo, a Euro-2 block is not suitable, it is weakened by the slots between cylinders, your choice is more recent blocks, Euro-3 (40524.10 and 40525.10).

Replacement frequency

The frequency of engine oil changes on the Gazelle 405 is determined based on operating conditions.

The standard recommendation provided by the manufacturer is 10 thousand kilometers. Under normal conditions, car owners should adhere to this interval between services for replacing motor lubricant.

Normal operating conditions are considered:

1. highways from 1 to 3 categories;
2. flat road or slightly hilly areas;
3. asphalt covering.

Here we are talking about completely urban conditions and the highway.

But since the Gazelle is a commercial vehicle, it is not always possible to drive it exclusively on asphalt and flat roads

For drivers who operate the car in more difficult conditions, special adjustments are made. The worse the road surface, the shorter the interval between fluid changes in the Gazelle engine oil sump becomes.

• When driving the Gazelle 405 on gravel and crushed stone roads, visiting suburban areas, it is recommended to change the engine oil every 9 thousand kilometers.
• In small settlements where gravel, hilly and cobblestone roads predominate, the oil change interval is reduced to 8 thousand kilometers.
• It is recommended to change the engine fluid every 7 thousand kilometers if the main operating conditions for the Gazelle 405 are large cities with crushed stone, gravel and bitumen-mineral surfaces, and the terrain is mountainous or with a large number of hilly areas.
• On-farm roads, internal quarry roads, rural areas and natural soil wear out the engine more, and the oil loses its characteristics more rapidly. Therefore, when traveling on such roads, you should change the oil at intervals of at least every 6 thousand kilometers.

Nobody forbids you to perform the lubricant replacement procedure earlier. But exceeding the established standards by more than 500 kilometers is strongly not recommended.

At this point, the oil in the Gazelle 405 engine is at the limit of its capabilities, and its physical and chemical properties are practically lost. Increasing the set threshold leads to rapid wear of parts, the formation of a large amount of contaminants, with a subsequent risk of failure of the power unit.

Filling volumes of Gazelle oils (UMZ-4215, -4216, ZMZ 402, 405, 406)

Refueling or lubrication point	Quantity, l	Name of materials
Fuel tank(s)	70 (60) or 140	gasoline AI-91, AI-93, AI-95, A-92, A-76**, AI-80**
Engine cooling system, including interior heating system	9,7(11,5)*	TOSOL A-40M, OZH-40 “Lena”, TERMOSOL A-40
Gearbox housing	1,2	“SuperT-3”, “Ufalub”, “Unitrans”, TSp-15K
Hydraulic brake system	0,52	Brake fluid "Tom", "ROSDOT"
Hydraulic clutch release system	0,2	Brake fluid "Tom", "ROSDOT"
Washer reservoir	1,5	Windshield washer fluid
Steering gear housing (without power steering)	0,55–0,6	"Super T-3", "Ufalub Unitrans"
Rear axle housing	2,2 (3,0)***	"Super T-3", "Ufalub Unitrans", "Devon SuperT"

* For vehicles with additional heater.

What is especially important in business is to ensure the preservation of the product, taking into account all its qualities and future functions. But since not everyone is able to organize appropriate conditions and special equipment for warehouses, the best solution should be considered the transfer of one’s own goods for safekeeping.

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For AvtoVAZ, this year can be called relatively successful, as the manufacturer is confidently improving sales statistics, both in the segment of cars for private customers and in the corporate sector.

Source

Oil selection

There is no fundamental difference between pouring domestic and imported motor oil into Gazelle 405 engines. Many people believe that foreign lubricants are of higher quality and are significantly ahead of their domestic counterparts in this component.

This is not entirely true. It all depends on the manufacturer. Among imported oils there are truly high-quality solutions with excellent properties and characteristics. And there are also low-grade compounds, pouring which into the Gazelle engine will only harm the engine.

Experts recommend starting from the quality requirements and compliance with classifications provided by the Gazelle 405 automaker.

There are two main criteria here:

1. domestic service station classification, in this case the selected oil must meet the requirements of B4/D2;
2. The international API classification is relevant for imported oils.

According to API, the following oils are suitable for Gazelle 405:

1. SL/SM;
2. SJ/CD;
3. SJ/SH/CF.

If you find a motor lubricant that meets these standards and classifications, half the battle is already done.

It is also important that the oil for the Gazelle meets the temperature conditions in which the car is operated. Most adhere to the principle of choosing all-season oils. Only for certain regions of the country, where the temperature drops below -30 degrees Celsius, it is necessary to use purely winter brands of motor oils.

The most common viscosity solutions for Gazelle 405 are:

• 10W30;

In the first case, the oil can withstand operation in the temperature range from -30 to +20 degrees Celsius. This is acceptable for some regions of Russia.

But 0W40 is considered more universal. This composition does not lose its properties and fluidity in the temperature range from -30 to +35 degrees Celsius.

Taking into account the climatic characteristics of your region, in terms of viscosity indicators you can use the following oils for Gazelle 405:

1. 0W30;
2. 5W30;
3. 5W40;
4. 10W40;

If the required amount of engine oil is poured in a timely manner, and you use high-quality compounds, then you will not face problems with premature engine wear.

If we talk specifically about which oil is best to fill in the Gazelle 405 by manufacturer, then the most popular brands here are:

1. Yar-Marka Super;
2. Lukoil Artik;
3. Novoil Sint;
4. Yukos Super;
5. Lukoil Lux;
6. Consol Forum.

But under no circumstances should you use oils from different manufacturers when replacing. When changing the lubricant in the engine yourself, which does not involve flushing the system, only fill in exactly the same composition.

If you switch to an alternative brand, even if the characteristics between lubricants are completely consistent, you must flush the engine crankcase. This is done with special flushing fluids or oils.

Design Features

Initially, the ZMZ 405 engine included the following promising technical solutions for 2000:

• distributed injection inside the cylinder head channels;
• in-line engine diagram with two timing shafts for 4 valves in each cylinder;
• closed ventilation circuit with vacuum inside the crankcase;
• updated attachments in the form of a two-valve thermostat, a thermoresistive coolant sensor, an induction synchronizer, a Hall sensor and a magnetoresistive throttle module;

Cylinder block design

Cylinder head ZMZ 405
Forged connecting rods, steel-aluminum crankshaft bearing shells, rubber-coated damper pulley to dampen harmful vibrations.

Required quantity

Now to the question of how many liters of lubricating oil are poured into the engine on Gazelle vehicles with the ZMZ 405 internal combustion engine.

Regardless of the modification of this family of power plants, the engine will require 6 liters of oil. And the filling volume does not differ from how much liquid is poured into the engine when replacing.

The practice and experience of motorists show that if the work is carried out correctly, it is possible to completely remove the old lubricant from the system, making room for new oil.

A total of 6 liters are poured into the Gazelle 405. A certain amount of them will go into the oil filter, which will also need to be replaced.

You need to try to fill the Gazelle 405 with the maximum possible amount of fresh engine oil. To do this, strictly follow the instructions for draining waste. You can figure it out by how much oil comes out of the engine. You will fill a similar amount, provided there is no shortage of oil in the crankcase before replacement, at the last stages of work.

It is better to buy a canister not for 6 liters of oil, but a little more. This is due to the fact that when operating the Gazelle 405, lubricant consumption is allowed in an amount of no more than 0.5 liters per 1000 kilometers.

If the consumption turns out to be higher after a scheduled check, there is a suspicion that there is a malfunction in the power unit. The engine is subject to mandatory diagnostics in order to identify the reasons that led to increased oil consumption.

List of car models in which it was installed

Since the ZMZ 406 engine has three versions, each of them was used on specific models of the car manufacturer GAZ:

• ZMZ 4062.10 – GAZ 31054 Luxury configuration; GAZ 3102 (1996 – 2008);
• ZMZ 4061.10 – GAZ 3302, 33023, 2705, 3221;
• ZMZ 4063.10 – GAZ 3302, 33023, 2705, 3221, 32213, 322132, 32214, SemAR 3234, Ruta, Bogdan and Dolphin.

In the first case, the engine characteristics were suitable for the urban cycle of executive cars of officials and governments. Carburetor modifications reduced the operating budget of Gazelle vans, utility vehicles and trucks.

Consumables and tools

To change the oil in the Gazelle 405, you will need to assemble a standard set of consumables and tools. Decide for yourself when choosing a lubricant. But there’s no need to save, even though we have an inexpensive domestic Gazelle in front of us.

Most car owners choose Lukoil oil. A brand of lubricant suitable for Gazelle 405 from a domestic manufacturer costs about 1,100 rubles per 5-liter canister. Don't forget to purchase an oil filter.

There are several options for filter elements:

1. VAZ (costs about 270 rubles and is original to the Gazelle 405);
2. Big Filter (150 rubles);
3. Hola SL (190 rubles);
4. Finwhale (250 rubles);
5. Mann (200 rubles).

Prices are approximate and may vary depending on the region and store.

Consumables are not very expensive, which makes the Gazelle 405 quite cheap to operate and maintain. In addition to the oil and filter, you need to take:

1. ratchet with a size 24 head;
2. special puller for oil filters;
3. containers for draining waste;
4. funnel for pouring fresh oil;
5. gloves and safety glasses;
6. screwdriver;
7. rags.

It is best to work in the presence of a hole, overpass or lift. If there is none of this, then climb under the Gazelle, having first laid some kind of bedding on the floor. The car is quite tall, so working under it is not as difficult as under many passenger cars.

Maintenance schedule ZMZ 406 2.3 l/100 l. With.

According to the manufacturer's requirements, the ZMZ 406 engine is serviced in the following order:

• inspection of the timing chain after 30,000 miles, replacement after 100,000 km;
• oil and filter change after 10,000 km;
• replacing the coolant approximately every two years or 30,000 mileage;
• recharging the battery every autumn, replacing after 50,000 km;
• spark plugs last for 60,000 miles;
• the fuel filter becomes unusable after 30,000 km, the air filter - 20,000 km;
• Ignition coils fail after 50,000 miles.

The manufacturer recommends using high-quality lubricant for engines so that the hydraulic compensators and oil pump work properly. Initially, the cooling system has weak points - the radiator and thermostat. All attachments are highly durable, with the exception of the pump, the polymer rotor of which lasts about 30,000 km. Due to the heavy weight of the engine, it is very difficult to carry out major repairs yourself in a garage without a hoist.

Step-by-step instruction

To change the oil in the Gazelle 405 yourself, you should follow the instructions and follow generally accepted safety rules.

The engine is first warmed up to operating temperatures. This is necessary in order to give the lubricant the desired fluidity. This way it will be able to fully exit the crankcase when drained.

It is enough to drive a few kilometers or run the engine at idle speed for 5–10 minutes. When the car is warmed up, start working.

• Remove the negative terminal from the battery, place chocks under the wheels, and securely fix the car if you are working with a jack. Personal safety should never be forgotten.
• The engine oil sump is located under the bottom of the car. It has a drain plug, to remove which you will need a 24 mm wrench.
• Place an empty container under the drain hole where the old used oil will be drained. About 6 liters should come out, so initially take a container of a suitable volume. On a warm engine, the oil leaves the system in 5 - 7 minutes. If it is thicker, it is better to wait 10 - 15 minutes. When the oil has drained, screw the drain plug back on. Make sure it is not deformed or worn. Otherwise, replacement is required.
• The oil filter on the 405 Gazelle is not located in the most convenient place. Therefore, it will be easier for you to work if you remove the engine splash guard. Some try to dismantle the filter through the engine compartment, but to do this you need to have unique dexterity and resourcefulness. Don’t create unnecessary problems for yourself, remove the splash guard and dismantle the filter.
• Sometimes the filter is tightly tightened, making it impossible to remove it manually. Use a special puller. If it is not available, use a long and strong screwdriver or similar tools, pierce through the old filter and turn it, using the screwdriver as a lever.
• Remove the new filter from the box. Pour a small amount of lubricant inside its body. Also lubricate the sealing gasket of the filter device. The filter should be filled with oil to approximately 50% of its volume.
• The filter can only be tightened by hand. You should not use a puller or other tools. Otherwise, there is a risk of damaging the device. Tighten until the filter gasket makes contact with the cylinder block. After this, hand tighten the element 3/4 turn. This is enough for the device to fit tightly into place and not cause oil leakage.
• When all the work under the car is completed, go to the engine compartment of your Gazelle 405. Unscrew the filler plug, insert a funnel into the hole and fill in the required amount of oil.
• Check the level with a dipstick, waiting a few minutes after filling. Close the filler hole and replace the splash guard.
• Start the Gazelle 405 engine, let it idle for several minutes. At the same time, check that there is no fresh puddle of oil under the engine oil sump or signs of leakage. If there are any, tighten poorly sealed connections. Oil may be leaking through the drain hole or filter.
• Stop the engine. Wait 5 - 7 minutes for all the oil to drain back into the crankcase. Now reinsert the dipstick and check the level. If the dipstick shows low oil, add the required amount.

This completes the work of independently replacing the engine lubricant on the Gazelle 405 car. This is a fairly simple procedure that does not require specialized equipment or expensive tools.

Many cite the main difficulties as correct selection of oil and timely change of fluid in the crankcase of the power plant. But now you know all the basic recommendations, and therefore, without any problems, you will be able to purchase high-quality lubricant and maintain the performance of the Gazelle 405 engine.